Food insecurity as a cause of adiposity: evolutionary and mechanistic hypotheses [0.03%]
肥胖的病因是食品不安全：进化和机制假说
Melissa Bateson,Gillian V Pepper
Melissa Bateson
Food insecurity (FI) is associated with obesity among women in high-income countries. This seemingly paradoxical association can be explained by the insurance hypothesis, which states that humans possess evolved mechanisms that increase fat...
Sadaf Farooqi
Sadaf Farooqi
Genetic disruption of key molecular components of the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway causes severe obesity in mice and humans. Physiological studies in people who carry these mutations have shown that the adipose tissue-derived ho...
Causal models and causal modelling in obesity: foundations, methods and evidence [0.03%]
因果模型和肥胖因果建模：基础、方法及证据
Roger S Zoh,Xiaoxin Yu,Philip Dawid et al.
Roger S Zoh et al.
Discussing causes in science, if we are to do so in a way that is sensible, begins at the root. All too often, we jump to discussing specific postulated causes but do not first consider what we mean by, for example, causes of obesity or how...
Editor's note [0.03%]
编者按
Philosophical Transactions B editorial team
Philosophical Transactions B editorial team
Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect? [0.03%]
碳水化合物-胰岛素模型：传统肥胖因果关系会否颠倒了因果？
David S Ludwig
David S Ludwig
Conventional obesity treatment, based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, assumes that excess body fat gain is driven by overeating, and that all calories are metabolically alike in this regard. Hence, to lose weight one must ultimately eat...
Matthew J Dalby
Matthew J Dalby
The role of the gut microbiota in determining body fatness has been a prominent area of research and has received significant public attention. Based largely on animal studies, recent attempts to translate these findings into interventions ...
S Bernard,K L Spalding
S Bernard
The ongoing obesity epidemic is a consequence of a progressive energy imbalance. The energy-balance model (EBM) posits that obesity results from an excess in food intake and circulating fuels. A reversal in causality has been proposed recen...
Protein appetite as an integrator in the obesity system: the protein leverage hypothesis [0.03%]
蛋白质食欲在肥胖系统中的整合作用：“蛋白质杠杆效应假说”
David Raubenheimer,Stephen J Simpson
David Raubenheimer
Despite the large volume and extensive range of obesity research, there is substantial disagreement on the causes and effective preventative strategies. We suggest the field will benefit from greater emphasis on integrative approaches that ...
Brown adipose tissue: can it keep us slim? A discussion of the evidence for and against the existence of diet-induced thermogenesis in mice and men [0.03%]
褐色脂肪组织：它能使我们保持苗条吗？关于在老鼠和人类中存在食物诱导的生热作用证据的讨论
Jan Nedergaard,Gabriella von Essen,Barbara Cannon
Jan Nedergaard
The issue under discussion here is whether a decrease in the degree of UCP1 activity (and brown adipose tissue activity in general) could be a cause of obesity in humans. This possibility principally requires the existence of the phenomenon...
John R Speakman,Kevin D Hall
John R Speakman
Body weight and fatness appear to be regulated phenomena. Several different theoretical models are available to capture the essence of this idea. These include the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, control theory-settling poi...