Ion chemistry in space [0.03%]
空间离子化学
M Larsson,W D Geppert,G Nyman
M Larsson
We review the gas-phase chemistry in extraterrestrial space that is driven by reactions with atomic and molecular ions. Ions are ubiquitous in space and are potentially responsible for the formation of increasingly complex interstellar mole...
Victor V Yashin,Olga Kuksenok,Pratyush Dayal et al.
Victor V Yashin et al.
We review advances in a new area of interdisciplinary research that concerns phenomena arising from inherent coupling between non-linear chemical dynamics and mechanics. This coupling provides a route for chemical-to-mechanical energy trans...
Gary L Hunter,Eric R Weeks
Gary L Hunter
As one increases the concentration of a colloidal suspension, the system exhibits a dramatic increase in viscosity. Beyond a certain concentration, the system is said to be a colloidal glass; structurally, the system resembles a liquid, yet...
The role of defects and doping in 2D graphene sheets and 1D nanoribbons [0.03%]
二维石墨烯片层和一维纳米带中缺陷和掺杂的作用
Humberto Terrones,Ruitao Lv,Mauricio Terrones et al.
Humberto Terrones et al.
Defects are usually seen as imperfections in materials that could significantly degrade their performance. However, at the nanoscale, defects could be extremely useful since they could be exploited to generate novel, innovative and useful m...
Imaging orbitals with attosecond and Ångström resolutions: toward attochemistry? [0.03%]
具有阿秒和Å分辨率的成像轨道：迈向阿托化学？
P Salières,A Maquet,S Haessler et al.
P Salières et al.
The recently developed attosecond light sources make the investigation of ultrafast processes in matter possible with unprecedented time resolution. It has been proposed that the very mechanism underlying the attosecond emission allows the ...
Electronic properties of graphene: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy and magnetotransport [0.03%]
石墨烯的电子性质——来自扫描隧道显微镜和磁场输运的研究视角
Eva Y Andrei,Guohong Li,Xu Du
Eva Y Andrei
This review covers recent experimental progress in probing the electronic properties of graphene and how they are influenced by various substrates, by the presence of a magnetic field and by the proximity to a superconductor. The focus is o...
Hiroyuki Daido,Mamiko Nishiuchi,Alexander S Pirozhkov
Hiroyuki Daido
For many years, laser-driven ion acceleration, mainly proton acceleration, has been proposed and a number of proof-of-principle experiments have been carried out with lasers whose pulse duration was in the nanosecond range. In the 1990s, io...
Precision measurements of the top quark mass from the Tevatron in the pre-LHC era [0.03%]
TeVatron时代LHC之前的顶夸克质量的精确测量结果
Angela Barbaro Galtieri,Fabrizio Margaroli,Igor Volobouev
Angela Barbaro Galtieri
The top quark is the heaviest of the six quarks of the standard model (SM). Precise knowledge of its mass is important for imposing constraints on a number of physics processes, including interactions of the as yet unobserved Higgs boson. T...
Considerations on the mechanisms and transition temperatures of superconductivity induced by electronic fluctuations [0.03%]
论由电子波动引发的超导机制及转变温度问题
C M Varma
C M Varma
An overview of the momentum and frequency dependence of effective electron-electron interactions which favor electronic instability to a superconducting state in the angular-momentum channel ℓ and the properties of the interactions which d...
Micrometre-scale refrigerators [0.03%]
微米级冰箱
Juha T Muhonen,Matthias Meschke,Jukka P Pekola
Juha T Muhonen
A superconductor with a gap in the density of states or a quantum dot with discrete energy levels is a central building block in realizing an electronic on-chip cooler. They can work as energy filters, allowing only hot quasiparticles to tu...