Thyroid nodules in pediatrics: which ones can be left alone, which ones must be investigated, when and how [0.03%]
儿科甲状腺结节：哪些可以不予理会，哪些必须调查，何时以及如何处理
Andrea Corrias,Alessandro Mussa
Andrea Corrias
Thyroid nodules are less frequent in childhood than in adulthood, but are more often malignant. Recent estimates suggest that up to 25% of thyroid nodules in children are malignant, therefore, a more aggressive approach is recommended. In t...
Rosalind S Brown
Rosalind S Brown
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common thyroid disorder in the pediatric age range. The disease results from an as yet poorly characterized defect or defects in immunoregulation and a cascade of events progressing from lymphocyte i...
Optimising outcome in congenital hypothyroidism; current opinions on best practice in initial assessment and subsequent management [0.03%]
先天性甲状腺功能减退症预后的最优化：关于初次评估及后续治疗的最优实践的最新观点
Malcolm Donaldson,Jeremy Jones
Malcolm Donaldson
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), usually of the primary and permanent variety, is an eminently preventable cause of growth retardation and mental handicap whose outlook has been transformed by newborn screening, usually involving the measure...
Current loss-of-function mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene: when to investigate, clinical effects, and treatment [0.03%]
当前的甲状腺刺激素受体基因失活突变：何时检查，临床影响及治疗措施
Alessandra Cassio,Annalisa Nicoletti,Angela Rizzello et al.
Alessandra Cassio et al.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) loss-of-function (LOF) mutations lead to a wide spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from severe congenital hypothyroidism (CH) to mild euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia. The degree of TSH resistance depe...
Juliane Léger,Jean Claude Carel
Juliane Léger
Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. This review gives an overview and update of management of GD. Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are recommended as the initial treatment, but the major problem is the high ...
Gianni Bona,Flavia Prodam,Alice Monzani
Gianni Bona
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a quite common disorder in the pediatric age group. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the studies investigating the natural course of SH and the effects of replacement therapy with levothyrox...
Atilla Büyükgebiz
Atilla Büyükgebiz
Newborn screening (NS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the major achievements in preventive medicine. Most neonates born with CH have normal appearance and no detectable physical signs. Hypothyroidism in the newborn period is a...
Hypochondroplasia in a child with 1620C>G (Asn540Lys) mutation in FGFR3 [0.03%]
FGFR3基因1620C>G（Asn540Lys）突变患儿的低促性腺激素性垂体功能减退症
Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz,Filiz Hazan,Ceyhun Dizdarer et al.
Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz et al.
Hypochondroplasia (HCP) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by short extremities, short stature and lumbar lordosis, usually exhibiting a phenotype similar to but milder than achondroplasia (ACP). Fibroblast growth fac...
Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among adolescents in Ankara, Turkey [0.03%]
土耳其安卡拉青少年肥胖患病率及相关的危险因素
Sırma Ercan,Yıldız Bilge Dallar,Serdar Önen et al.
Sırma Ercan et al.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the risk factors associated with obesity among adolescents in Ankara, Turkey. ...
Silvia Longhi,Giorgio Radetti
Silvia Longhi
Nowadays, childhood obesity is one of the biggest health emergencies in the developed countries. Obesity leads to multiple metabolic alterations which increase the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thyroid function ha...