Paul B Watkins
Paul B Watkins
There is a pressing need for new clinical tests that will help physicians distinguish drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from other, more common causes of liver injury, and that can identify which specific drug is the culprit when DILI occurs...
Jack Uetrecht
Jack Uetrecht
No conclusive data exist that define the mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in humans; therefore, we are forced to speculate based on their clinical characteristics. The major characteristics are most easily explai...
Victor J Navarro
Victor J Navarro
Herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) are commonly used in the United States and throughout the world. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act and public standards set through the U.S. Pharmacopeia provide regulatory framework for th...
David E Kleiner
David E Kleiner
The liver biopsy is frequently used as an adjunct diagnostic test in the evaluation of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, especially when there is a complex clinical differential diagnosis ...
Einar Björnsson
Einar Björnsson
The development of acute hepatocellular injury with jaundice in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been associated with a case-fatality rate of 10 to 50%, depending on the drug involved. This observation, called "Hy's rule,"...
Paul H Hayashi
Paul H Hayashi
Assigning causality in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to a particular medication or herbal and dietary supplement relies on clinical history, exclusion of competing causes, prior reports of DILI, and judgment-no objective laboratory o...
Lauren N Bell,Naga Chalasani
Lauren N Bell
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant health problem because of its unpredictable nature, poorly understood pathogenesis, and potential to cause fatal outcomes. It is also a significant hurdle for drug development ...
Making the world a safer place [0.03%]
让世界更安全
Robert J Fontana
Robert J Fontana
Ponni Perumalswami,Lan Peng,Joseph A Odin
Ponni Perumalswami
The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis entails complex interactions between triggering factors, autoantigens, genetic predisposition, and immunoregulatory networks. Implicated triggering factors are numerous and include toxins, medication...
Special clinical challenges in autoimmune hepatitis: the elderly, males, pregnancy, mild disease, fulminant onset, and nonwhite patients [0.03%]
自身免疫性肝炎特殊临床挑战：老年人、男性、孕妇、病情较轻患者、急性起病和非白人患者的治疗
Albert J Czaja
Albert J Czaja
Autoimmune hepatitis has diverse presentations that may mask its identity, affect its clinical behavior, and confound its management. The objectives of this report are to characterize the populations that are underdiagnosed or difficult to ...