Which Threshold Model? [0.03%]
哪个阈值模型？
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
As outlined in the Preface (and Chap. 1 and other chapters), this book espoused two fundamental views. The first view consists of the proposal that the threshold model represents a method to address the Sorites paradox, which is a consequen...
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
In the previous chapters, we presented various derivations of the threshold model based on the same disease outcomes. We assumed that a decision-maker would calculate the threshold based on either mortality or morbidity outcomes. Basinga an...
Using Decision Curve Analysis to Evaluate Testing and/or Predictive Modeling [0.03%]
使用决策曲线分析评估检测和/或预测模型
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
In this chapter, we extend the threshold model to evaluate the value of diagnostic tests or predictive models over a range of all possible thresholds by using decision curve analysis (DCA). DCA has been developed within the expected utility...
Formulating Management Strategies Using Fast-and-Frugal Trees (A Decision Tool to Transform Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Pathways into Decision Support at the Point of Care) [0.03%]
利用快而简决策树制定管理战略：一种转化临床实践指南和临床路径为 bedside决策支持工具的方法
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Clinical management is rarely based on the collection of one data item. Instead, it is typically characterized by the continuous collection and evaluation of clinical data (symptoms, signs, laboratory, imaging tests, etc.) to establish a pl...
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
When a decision-maker has the option of diagnostic testing, they face a typical dilemma: (1) do not administer treatment and do not test, (2) test and decide to administer treatment based on the test result, and (3) administer treatment wit...
Making Decisions When no Further Diagnostic Testing is Available (Expected Regret Theory Threshold Model) [0.03%]
不可进行进一步诊断检查时的决策制定（预期后悔理论阈值模型）
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
In Chap. 2 , we illustrated the application of the expected utility theory (EUT) to rational decision-making when no further diagnostic testing is available. In this chapter, we apply regret theory to the decision problems discussed in Chap...
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
In this chapter, we illustrate how evidence about treatments' benefits and harms can be integrated to enable rational decision-making even under considerable clinical uncertainty. ...
Evidence and Decision-Making [0.03%]
证据与决策制定
Benjamin Djulbegovic,Iztok Hozo
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Today, every country struggles to provide adequate health care to its citizens. Globally, an average of $8.3 trillion or 10% of gross domestic product (GDP) is annually spent on health services. In 2019, the USA spent nearly 18% ($3.2 trill...
Muhammad Naveed Sheas,Syeda Ramsha Ali,Waseem Safdar et al.
Muhammad Naveed Sheas et al.
Malnutrition in cancer patients is highly prevalent. The metabolic and physiologic changes associated with the disease and the side effects of treatment regimens all combine together to produce a detrimental effect on the patient's nutritio...
Shazia Khalid,Imran Abbas,Saira Javed
Shazia Khalid
From the time a person is diagnosed with cancer, a psychological sequalae of intense emotional challenges emerge for the patient as well as family members. Different stages require different types of psychosocial support including those for...