Nationalism, racism and propaganda in early Weimar Germany: contradictions in the campaign against the "black horror on the Rhine" [0.03%]
魏玛共和国早期的民族主义、种族主义与宣传：“莱茵河畔的黑人恐怖”事件中的矛盾现象
Julia Roos
Julia Roos
During the early 1920s, an average of 25,000 colonial soldiers from North Africa, Senegal and Madagascar formed part of the French army of occupation in the Rhineland. The campaign against these troops, which used the racist epithet ‘black...
Derek Penslar
Derek Penslar
The story of German-Jewish soldiers and veterans of World War I illustrates how, under circumstances of inclusion (even if incomplete) rather than vicious persecution, Jewish suffering in wartime, and with it the forms of collective memory ...
Christine G Krüger
Christine G Krüger
Suffering during the Franco–Prussian War of 1870/71 has to be interpreted in the context of three developments: the willingness to alleviate wartime suffering, which had led to the foundation of the International Red Cross and the Geneva C...
Randall Hansen
Randall Hansen
This introduction proceeds in five steps. First, it briefly considers the etymology of the term "suffering," as well as the way in which scholars from different disciplines have approached it conceptually and empirically. Second, drawing on...
Imagining the absent dead: rituals of bereavement and the place of the war dead in German women's art during the First World War [0.03%]
想象缺席的死者：一战期间德国女性艺术中的哀悼仪式与战争亡灵的位置
Claudia Siebrecht
Claudia Siebrecht
Drawing on women's visual responses to the First World War, this article examines female mourning in wartime Germany. The unprecedented death toll on the battlefronts, military burial practices and the physical distance from the remains of ...
Empowerment or endurance? War wives' experiences of independence during and after the Second World War in Germany, 1939-1948 [0.03%]
自主或忍耐？德国二战时期及战后（1939—1948年）战争妻子的经历分析
Hester Vaizey
Hester Vaizey
As German men were conscripted into the armed forces during the Second World War, more and more wives were left to manage their families alone. At the same time more women than ever entered paid employment to fill the gaps in the market lef...