Metabolism of retinol during mammalian placental and embryonic development [0.03%]
哺乳动物胎盘和胚胎发育过程中的视黄醇代谢
Geoffroy Marceau,Denis Gallot,Didier Lemery et al.
Geoffroy Marceau et al.
Retinol (vitamin A) is a fat-soluble nutrient indispensable for a harmonious mammalian gestation. The absence or excess of retinol and its active derivatives [i.e., the retinoic acids (RAs)] can lead to abnormal development of embryonic and...
Role of retinoic acid in the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells [0.03%]
视黄酸在胚胎癌细胞和胚胎干细胞分化中的作用
Dianne Robert Soprano,Bryan W Teets,Kenneth J Soprano
Dianne Robert Soprano
Retinoic acid (RA), the most potent natural form of vitamin A, plays an important role in many diverse biological processes such as embryogenesis and cellular differentiation. This chapter is a review of the mechanism of action of RA and th...
The intersection between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- and retinoic acid-signaling pathways [0.03%]
aryl烃受体(AhR)信号途径与视黄酸信号途径的交汇点
Kyle A Murphy,Loredana Quadro,Lori A White
Kyle A Murphy
Data from a variety of animal and cell culture model systems have demonstrated an interaction between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- and retinoic acid (RA)-signaling pathways. The AhR(1) was originally identified as the receptor for t...
Béatrice Desvergne
Béatrice Desvergne
Vitamin A signaling occurs through nuclear receptors recognizing diverse forms of retinoic acid (RA). The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) bind all-trans RA and its 9-cis isomer (9-cis RA). They convey most of the activity of RA, particularly...
Interleukin-2: from T cell growth and homeostasis to immune reconstitution of HIV patients [0.03%]
白细胞介素-2：从T细胞增殖和稳态到HIV患者的免疫重建
Marko Kryworuchko,Jacques Thèze
Marko Kryworuchko
Interleukin (IL)-2 was initially described as a major stimulant of T lymphocytes in vitro. Later, the characterization of IL-2 knockout animals showed that the ability to stimulate T cells could be replaced by other cytokines. In vivo, IL-2...
David Weisman,Edwin Hakimian,Gilbert J Ho
David Weisman
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative form of dementia in the elderly and is characterized neuropathologically by neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), amyloid neuritic plaques (NP), and prominent synaptic and e...
Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases [0.03%]
细胞因子白细胞介素-13在癌症、肺纤维化和其他T(H)2型疾病中的作用
Bharat H Joshi,Cory Hogaboam,Pamela Dover et al.
Bharat H Joshi et al.
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in various inflammatory diseases including cancer, asthma, and allergy. It mediates a variety of different effects on various cell types including B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, endothelial ...
Release of interleukins and other inflammatory cytokines by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily due to the nonfat cells [0.03%]
肥胖通过非脂肪细胞促进人类脂肪组织释放白细胞介素和其他炎症细胞因子
John N Fain
John N Fain
The white adipose tissue, especially of humans, is now recognized as the central player in the mild inflammatory state that is characteristic of obesity. The question is how the increased accumulation of lipid seen in obesity causes an infl...
Daniel R Johnson,Jason C O&#x;Connor,Ansuman Satpathy et al.
Daniel R Johnson et al.
The role of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation [0.03%]
IL-1和IL-1Ra在关节炎症及软骨降解中的作用
Claire Jacques,Marjolaine Gosset,Francis Berenbaum et al.
Claire Jacques et al.
Interleukin (IL)-1 is a cytokine that plays a major role in inflammatory responses in the context of infections and immune-mediated diseases. IL-1 refers to two different cytokines, termed IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, produced from two genes. IL...