Pedro Iglesias,Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
Pedro Iglesias
Growth hormone (GH) plays an essential role in the regulation of postnatal growth and metabolism through both direct and GH-IGF-1 axis-mediated mechanisms. GH action involves a complex interplay of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals...
Clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism and cardiometabolic risk [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症的临床表现与心代谢风险关系
Eider Pascual-Corrales,José Manuel Ruiz-Cánovas,Marta María Pérez Peña
Eider Pascual-Corrales
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is increasingly recognized as a spectrum disorder, ranging from subclinical to overt forms. Clinical manifestations include hypertension, often resistant, and...
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Introduction: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common yet underrecognized cause of secondary hypertension. Once identified as Conn's syndrome with hypokalemia and adrenal tumors, PA now includes broader forms with inapprop...
Pol Candela,Carme Figueredo,Felicia A Hanzu
Pol Candela
Mild autonomous cortisol co-secretion (MACS) in primary aldosteronism (PA)-referred to as Connshing syndrome, C-PA, or MACS-PA-has emerged as a clinically significant adrenal disorder that substantially influences the prognosis and manageme...
Paola Parra Ramírez,Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Paola Parra Ramírez
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, characterized by autonomous aldosterone production, unregulated by sodium balance or renin-angiotensin system activity. Once considered a rare, PA is now recogni...
Adrenal venous sampling interpretation and molecular imaging as localization tool in primary aldosteronism [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症的肾上腺静脉取样解读和分子影像定位技术
Sinan Deniz,Matthias Oettle,Markus Kroiss et al.
Sinan Deniz et al.
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the leading cause of secondary hypertension. In general, two principal subtypes are distinguished: A lateralized form in which aldosterone hypersecretion originates from a single adrenal gland, and a non-latera...
Low-renin hypertension [0.03%]
低肾素高血压
Paolo Mulatero,Silvia Monticone,Jessica Goi
Paolo Mulatero
Low-renin hypertension (LRH) affects approximately 30 percent of patients with arterial hypertension and represents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders characterized by low renin levels, increased sodium reabsorption, and expanded circula...
Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Novel workup strategies and biochemical tools [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断：新型诊疗策略与生化标志物
Arturo Vega-Beyhart,Jose María Jimenez-Casinello
Arturo Vega-Beyhart
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed cause of hypertension, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity. Despite established guidelines, the diagnostic pathway for PA remains complex, hindered by analytica...
Ana Maria Garcia Cano,Laura Caja Guayerbas,Marta Rosillo Coronado
Ana Maria Garcia Cano
The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) requires an Aldosterone-Renin-Ratio (ARR) to demonstrate a low or undetectable renin level and plasma aldosterone concentration that is inappropriately high for salt and volume status. The confirm...
Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Renin activity, renin concentration and aldosterone/renin ratio [0.03%]
原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断：肾素活性、肾素浓度及醛固酮／肾素比值
Manuel Morales-Ruiz,María Rodríguez-García,Nerea Sainz-Pastor et al.
Manuel Morales-Ruiz et al.
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a cornerstone of cardiovascular and electrolyte homeostasis, and its dysregulation is central to the pathophysiology of hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. This chapter...