Giovanna Valenti,Grazia Tamma
Giovanna Valenti
Vasopressin is the key hormone involved in water conservation and regulation of water balance, essential for life. In the renal collecting duct, vasopressin binds to the V2 receptor, increasing water permeability through activation of aquap...
Gary L Robertson
Gary L Robertson
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome characterized by the persistent excretion of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine. It can be caused by any of four fundamentally different abnormalities: deficient production of the antidiuretic hor...
Terence Patrick Farrell,Niamh Catherine Adams,Seamus Looby
Terence Patrick Farrell
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) occurs secondary to deficient synthesis or secretion of arginine vasopressin peptide from the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). It is characterized by polydipsia and polyuria (urine output >30mL/kg/...
Werner A Scherbaum
Werner A Scherbaum
Once central diabetes insipidus (CDI) has been diagnosed, every effort should be made to reveal its underlying cause. Autoimmune CDI should be considered in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic CDI and also of mass lesions of the sella ...
Fahrettin Kelestimur
Fahrettin Kelestimur
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a growing public health problem worldwide, has recently been recognized as one of the leading causes of hypopituitarism. The main causes of TBI-induced pituitary dysfunction are car accidents, falls, violence, ...
Neuromyelitis optica, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and neuroendocrine disorders [0.03%]
神经肌苷炎、水通道蛋白-4抗体和神经内分泌疾病
Raffaele Iorio,Claudia Papi
Raffaele Iorio
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord. In around 80% of NMO patients, autoantibodies binding to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are detected. AQ...
Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1) is hypothesized to be an autoimmune disease targeting the hypocretin/orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Ample genetic and epidemiologic evidence point in the direction of a pathogenesis involving the immune ...
Sabrina Chiloiro,Tommaso Tartaglione,Antonella Giampietro et al.
Sabrina Chiloiro et al.
Hypothalamitis is a rare inflammatory disorder involving the hypothalamus and classified as primary, or isolated, and secondary hypothalamitis. Secondary hypothalamitis although very rare is more common than the primary one and may occur in...
Katsunori Manaka,Junichiro Sato,Noriko Makita
Katsunori Manaka
Neuroendocrine manifestations are common in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) patients. ECD is a rare non-Langerhans form of histiocytosis with multisystemic infiltration. The involvement of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis is common and central ...
Maria P Yavropoulou,Marina Tsoli,Gregory Kaltsas
Maria P Yavropoulou
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasia that can affect any organ or system in the human body. It is usually diagnosed during childhood but can also affect adults. Recent studies have demonstrated involv...