Autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune dementias, and autoimmune psychotic disorders [0.03%]
自身免疫性脑炎、自身免疫性痴呆和自身免疫性精神病
Panos Stathopoulos,Marinos C Dalakas
Panos Stathopoulos
The various syndromes of autoimmune encephalitis, with an estimated prevalence of 14 per 100,000, although discovered and better defined during the last 15 years, have left an impactful footprint on autoimmune neurology and have been shapin...
The evolution and current status of anti-B-cell therapies in autoimmune neurologic diseases [0.03%]
自身免疫神经病学中抗B细胞疗法的发展现状及目前进展
Albert Aboseif,Eoin P Flanagan
Albert Aboseif
B lymphocytes are essential to the adaptive immune system with several key functions involving antibody production, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, and antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. These functions are critical in pr...
Chiara Gasteiger,Alia J Crum
Chiara Gasteiger
Mindsets are core assumptions or beliefs about the meaning or nature of a domain or category that orient people to a particular set of expectations, attributions, and goals. In the domain of health, mindsets like "this treatment is effectiv...
Conditioned immune responses and the neural-immune connection in animals and humans [0.03%]
条件反射性免疫反应及神经-免疫关联性：从动物到人类的研究进展
Julia Bihorac,Manfred Schedlowski,Martin Hadamitzky
Julia Bihorac
Continuous drug treatment is essential for managing immune-related clinical conditions. However, the significant adverse side-effects associated with immunosuppressive drugs call for alternative or complementary treatment approaches. In exp...
Age and gender [0.03%]
年龄及性别
Katja Weimer
Katja Weimer
The specific role of age in the placebo effect has only recently become a focus of systematic studies. Prior to our 2013 review, the literature on placebo effects in children and adolescents was sparse, leaving significant gaps in understan...
The role of observational learning in the formation of placebo and nocebo effects [0.03%]
观察学习在安慰剂和逆安慰剂效应形成中的作用
Elżbieta Anita Bajcar,Przemysław Bąbel
Elżbieta Anita Bajcar
Placebo and nocebo effects are learning phenomena that can be induced not only through direct experience (e.g., classical and operant conditioning) or information (e.g., verbal suggestions), but also through indirect experience via observat...
Julian Kleine-Borgmann,Ulrike Bingel
Julian Kleine-Borgmann
Open-label placebos (OLPs), where patients are informed they are receiving a placebo, challenge the traditional notion that placebos require deception to be effective. Recent research has shown that OLPs can positively impact subjective out...
Tessa Rooney,Ben Colagiuri
Tessa Rooney
The nocebo effect is increasingly recognized as a powerful determinant of negative health outcomes across a range of symptoms, diseases, and treatments. Like the placebo, nocebo effects are generated by factors surrounding the treatment con...
A brief history of placebo [0.03%]
安慰剂的简史
Fabrizio Benedetti,Aziz Shaibani
Fabrizio Benedetti
History of medicine is the history of placebo. Over the course of several centuries, treatments with a physical and spiritual approach were the rule. Clinical trials have become the gold standard to test the efficacy of new treatments only ...
Evers Andrea W M,Broekman Francette L,Westendorp Janine et al.
Evers Andrea W M et al.
A main pathway of placebo and nocebo effects occurs via communication in patient-provider interactions. It is therefore of crucial importance to get insight into how positive or (unintendedly) negative expectancies about treatments are indu...