Amos D Korczyn,Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
Amos D Korczyn
The brainstem is crucial for maintaining wakefulness, sleep regulation, and consciousness. It orchestrates alertness through the ascending reticular activating system, integrating sensory information and projecting to the cortex. Consciousn...
Brainstem in pain control [0.03%]
脑干与镇痛
Luke A Henderson,Lewis S Crawford,Kevin A Keay
Luke A Henderson
One of the most powerful systems in the brain is that which alters the processing of noxious information. The processing of noxious stimuli into the experience of pain is important for survival, as it warns an individual of danger and motiv...
Pietro Cortelli,Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura,Alessandro Silvani
Pietro Cortelli
The regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure is key to survival. The sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of arterial blood pressure requires information related to the actual blood pressure values for feedback control as well a...
Brain death and the brainstem [0.03%]
脑死亡与脑干
Calixto Machado
Calixto Machado
Brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) represents a distinct state after a catastrophic brain injury. In the 19th century, anatomists and physiologists progressively began to sustain the conception of the brainstem as a mediator ...
Heidi I L Jacobs,Prokopis C Prokopiou,Tarun Singhal
Heidi I L Jacobs
The brainstem connects the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord and includes several nuclei that produce key neurotransmitters important for the modulation of behavior and cognition. Since the 16th century, humans have tried to understand ...
Brainstem evoked responses [0.03%]
脑干听觉诱发反应
Gabriel Byczynski,Sven Vanneste
Gabriel Byczynski
The brainstem's activity and control over both central and peripheral functioning is notably widespread, yet difficult to quantify due to its location and size. Methods have been developed to improve our understanding of the brainstem's act...
Madhavi Duvvuri,Eytan Raz,Matthew Amans
Madhavi Duvvuri
This chapter reviews the vascular anatomy of the brainstem and posterior circulation with emphasis on clinical neurology and angiographic interpretation. Using a caudal-to-cranial approach, we describe the vertebral artery at the craniocerv...
History of the brainstem-A developing concept throughout the history of medicine [0.03%]
脑干的历史——贯穿医学史上的一个概念的发展历程
Eitan Lavon,Avi Ohry
Eitan Lavon
The chapter explores the historical journey of the discovery and understanding of the brainstem, including its anatomy, physiology, and vital functions. It highlights key milestones, advancements in medicine and philosophy of science, from ...
Binnur Çelik,Rezzak Yilmaz
Binnur Çelik
Transcranial B-mode sonography (TCBS) is a well-established neuroimaging technique that enables the visualization and structural evaluation of certain brain structures. This chapter focuses on the application of TCBS and its potential use i...
Diogo Goulart Corrêa,Tomás Freddi
Diogo Goulart Corrêa
The brainstem is a fundamental central nervous system component, essential for life. It comprises the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It is connected superiorly to the diencephalon, inferiorly to the spinal cord, and posteriorly to t...