Retinal anatomy: Comparison of primate (including human) and mouse retina [0.03%]
视网膜解剖学：灵长类（包括人类）与小鼠视网膜比较
Ulrike Grünert
Ulrike Grünert
This review summarizes our current knowledge of the anatomy of the primate (including human) retina. Understanding the structure and function of the primate retina has become an important scientific goal both for basic and clinical sciences...
Retinal development [0.03%]
视网膜的发育
Elizabeth Fishman-Williams,Anna LA Torre
Elizabeth Fishman-Williams
The vertebrate retina is a striking example of cellular coordination, where complex molecular signals and precise cellular interactions work together to convert light into neural information. This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of...
Fixational eye movements: Implications for applied and clinical assessments [0.03%]
眼动固视运动：对应用和临床评估的影响
Robert G Alexander,Stephen L Macknik,Susana Martinez-Conde
Robert G Alexander
Clinicians can use fixational eye movements to gain more information about the state of their patients: these measures have great potential as biomarkers of health conditions and might facilitate the early and differential diagnosis of dise...
Contrast sensitivity and functional aspects of cone, rod, and melanopsin vision in humans [0.03%]
人眼锥体、杆体和黑色素视网膜激素视觉的功能方面及对比敏感度
Thomas W Nugent,Beatrix Feigl,Andrew J Zele
Thomas W Nugent
The sensitivity of the visual system is best defined by its response to contrast. To this end, the visual system can be decomposed into pathways with unique contrast responses to the spatial and temporal content of the stimulus. In this cha...
Visual acuity [0.03%]
视力表
Steven H Schwartz
Steven H Schwartz
Visual acuity is the simplest and most utilized assessment of visual function. Reductions in acuity may result from many causes, including diseases of the macula and associated visual pathways and optical blur. Chart design and the psychoph...
Color vision [0.03%]
色觉
Kassandra R Lee,Michael A Webster
Kassandra R Lee
Color vision has been studied for centuries, but many fundamental questions remain about the nature of color perception and its neural underpinnings. Typical human color vision is trichromatic - based on three types of cone receptors - yet ...
Tianyu Liu,Jonathan C Tsui,Brian L Vanderbeek
Tianyu Liu
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinal disease (DRD), retinal vascular occlusion, retinal detachment, pathologic myopia, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane are major causes of blindness and visual impairment globally. S...
Robert Shapley
Robert Shapley
This chapter covers how the cortex combines visual signals from parallel retinocortical channels into perceptually useful neural representations. The retina sends signals to the visual cortex about the surfaces of objects, including shape, ...
Hugo Calligaro,Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya,Satchidananda Panda
Hugo Calligaro
The daily alternation of light and darkness resulting from Earth's rotation is one of the main environmental cues shaping the internal life of animals, orchestrating rhythms of behavior and physiologic functions. In mammals, the retina, lin...
Greg D Field
Greg D Field
The segregation of visual signals into ON and OFF pathways represents a fundamental organizing principle of retinal processing that has been conserved across vertebrates for approximately 500 million years. This division begins at the photo...