Gabriel Amorelli,Davide Martino
Gabriel Amorelli
In the past decades, the connection between the immune system and Tourette syndrome (TS) has been explored as a potential pathophysiologic key aspect. This idea is supported by studies describing the effect of immune cells and inflammatory ...
Pritesh Jain,Peristera Paschou,Apostolia Topaloudi
Pritesh Jain
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic lasting for more than a year. It is a complex, polygenic, and multifactorial disorder. In this chapter, ...
Donald L Gilbert
Donald L Gilbert
The objective of this chapter is to provide a clinically useful review of epidemiologic studies of Tourette syndrome (TS). The viewpoint of this chapter is that there are significant challenges to validity in epidemiologic studies of TS and...
Agnes Santer,Till Amelung,Tina Mainka et al.
Agnes Santer et al.
Sexuality and sexual health are essential for the overall well-being of all individuals. In neurology, research traditionally focused on disorders of sexual function associated with syndromes that present with specific lesions of the spinal...
Tammy Hedderly,Osman Malik
Tammy Hedderly
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric and a neurodevelopmental disorder often presenting alongside other neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning ...
Gloria P Mingolla,Ilaria A Di Vico,Elena Antelmi
Gloria P Mingolla
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with tic disorders and Tourette syndrome, with up to 80% of patients experiencing sleep difficulties. Insomnia is notably present, and pediatric patients often experience parasomnias, incl...
Andrea E Cavanna
Andrea E Cavanna
Tics are the most common hyperkinetic manifestations during development. The clinical phenomenology of motor tics ranges from mild twitches affecting a single facial muscle to orchestrated contractions of different muscular districts resemb...
Olivier Walusinski
Olivier Walusinski
After a year spent working for Jean-Martin Charcot, Georges Gilles de la Tourette published an article in 1885 that would become a seminal work, reporting on nine cases of tic disease. However, only four observations meet the current criter...
Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders and neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors [0.03%]
肿瘤相关性神经系统疾病和免疫检查点抑制剂的神经毒性
Smathorn Thakolwiboon,Anastasia Zekeridou
Smathorn Thakolwiboon
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are disorders resulting from an aberrant immune response against the nervous system, triggered by a tumor. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer immunotherapies, enhance antitumor immunity by tar...
Role of complement in neurologic autoimmunities: Why need to target complement activation for effective immunotherapy [0.03%]
补体在神经自身免疫性疾病中的作用：为何需要靶向补体活化以实现有效的免疫治疗
Marinos C Dalakas,Peter J Späth
Marinos C Dalakas
Complement is an effector of innate and adaptive immunity that consists of a multitasking network of plasma and membrane proteins that protects self. It simultaneously kills pathogens but also helps clearing damaged, diseased, or dying self...