Progress of neuroimmunotherapies: Witnessing an impressive success in the treatment of neurologic autoimmunities [0.03%]
神经免疫疗法的进展：见证治疗神经系统自身免疫疾病的显著成功
Marinos C Dalakas
Marinos C Dalakas
This introductory chapter describes the evolution of immunotherapies in neurology as witnessed from the late 1970s to early 1980s, when the main therapy for all autoimmune neurologic diseases was only oral and IV steroids, to the present. T...
Immunotherapies in autoimmune movement disorders and cerebellar ataxia [0.03%]
自身免疫性运动障碍和小脑共济失调的免疫疗法
Benjamin Vlad,Bettina Balint
Benjamin Vlad
The spectrum of autoimmune movement disorders is very broad with regard to clinical presentations, associated antibodies, and underlying immunopathophysiology. Early and adequate immunotherapy is key in the management to achieve good outcom...
The history of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders of the CNS, PNS, and autonomic nervous systems: Perspective on the past toward a brighter future [0.03%]
中枢神经系统、周围神经系统的肿瘤相关副肿瘤性神经病学的既往和未来展望
Aditi Sharma,Tammy L Smith,John E Greenlee et al.
Aditi Sharma et al.
Cases of paraneoplastic neurologic disease were described as early as the 1800s; despite two centuries of impressive progress in our understanding of immunity, autoimmunity, and paraneoplastic antibodies, we still have a lot to learn about ...
Cynthia M C Lemmens,Agnes Van Sonderen,Maarten J Titulaer
Cynthia M C Lemmens
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous inflammatory syndrome caused by autoantibodies targeted at either neuronal cell surface proteins and synaptic receptors, or at intracellular epitopes. Clinical presentation is dependent on the...
Immunotherapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease [0.03%]
视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病和少突胶质细胞髓鞘糖蛋白抗体相关疾病的免疫疗法
Itay Lotan,Monique Anderson,Michael Levy
Itay Lotan
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are rare autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by recurrent attack...
Elizabeth Wilson,Tanuja Chitnis
Elizabeth Wilson
Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood and adolescence has now been well-recognized over the past 10-15 years. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the disease course of pediatric MS, which is highly inflammat...
Tradite Neziraj,Ludwig Kappos,Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
Tradite Neziraj
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, with both genetic and environmental risk factors. While traditionally, a relapsing and progressive disease course has been distinguished, it has increasingly be...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: Improving understanding and addressing misconceptions [0.03%]
骨髓移植治疗多发性硬化症：提高理解度和消除误解
Richard K Burt,Tobias Alexander
Richard K Burt
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) is the technique of administrating a short immunosuppressive regimen over 4-6 days (depending on the drug regimen) followed by intravenous infusion of one...
Christian W Keller,Marinos C Dalakas,Jan D Lünemann
Christian W Keller
In the past 3 decades, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) - pooled IgG (IgG) obtained from the plasma of several thousands of healthy donors - has had a major impact in the successful treatment of previously poorly controlled autoimmune neur...
James F Howard,Jeffrey T Guptill
James F Howard
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a heterodimeric protein that binds albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to mediate pH-dependent recycling, prevent degradation, and maintain their serum concentrations. The ability to bind IgG means FcRn pla...