Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development: The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy [0.03%]
马歇尔计划下的意大利：经济援助、公共基础设施与经济发展
Nicola Bianchi,Michela Giorcelli
Nicola Bianchi
The Marshall Plan (1948-1952) was the largest aid transfer in history. This paper estimates its effects on Italy's postwar economic development. It exploits differences between Italian provinces in the value of reconstruction grants they re...
Structural change and economic growth in the British economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500-1800 [0.03%]
工业革命前英国经济的结构变化及经济增长（1500—1800）
Patrick Wallis,Justin Colson,David Chilosi
Patrick Wallis
Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. We present the first time series of male labour sectoral shares for England and Wales before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce nati...
Myron P Gutmann,Emily Klancher Merchant,Evan Roberts
Myron P Gutmann
Big data is an exciting prospect for the field of economic history, which has long depended on the acquisition, keying, and cleaning of scarce numerical information about the past. This article examines two areas in which economic historian...
Hoyt Bleakley,Sok Chul Hong
Hoyt Bleakley
An important unknown in understanding the impact of climate change is the scope of adaptation, which requires observations on historical time scales. We consider how weather across U.S. history (1860-2000) has affected various measures of p...
How Johnson Fought the War on Poverty: The Economics and Politics of Funding at the Office of Economic Opportunity [0.03%]
约翰逊政府时期的扶贫之战：机会办公室的经济与政治考量
Martha J Bailey,Nicolas J Duquette
Martha J Bailey
This article presents a quantitative analysis of the geographic distribution of spending through the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act (EOA). Using newly assembled state- and county-level data, the results show that the Johnson administration d...
M Ejrnaes,K G Persson
M Ejrnaes
Dora L Costa
Dora L Costa
I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decis...