The Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure at the Heart of EU Economic Governance Reform [0.03%]
欧盟经济治理改革的核心：宏观失衡程序法案
Willi Koll,Andrew Watt
Willi Koll
While the euro officially came into being in 1999, it was the introduction of euro notes and coins 20 years ago in January 2002 that made the common currency a tangible reality for European citizens. The circle of member states has since gr...
Do the COVID-19 Crisis, Ageing and Climate Change Put Swiss Fiscal Sustainability at Risk? [0.03%]
新冠肺炎疫情、老龄化和气候变化是否会令瑞士财政 sustainability 面临风险？
Thomas Brändle,Pierre-Alain Bruchez,Carsten Colombier et al.
Thomas Brändle et al.
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic crisis as well as demographic and climate change pose major challenges for public finances. This article deals with the implications of demographic trends in Switzerland, i.e. the progressive ageing of the p...
Michael Dauderstädt
Michael Dauderstädt
The lockdowns and stimulus programmes that governments have adopted to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated economic crisis have affected the distribution of income and production within and between countries. Considering both, cu...
Markus Demary,Michael Hüther
Markus Demary
The rapid recovery of demand combined with supply constraints has led to rising prices during the past months. This is evident in oil and gas markets, but also in international trade, which has been thrown out of step by bottlenecks at Asia...
Roel Beetsma
Roel Beetsma
Because they exert cross-border spillover effects, fiscal policies of individual EU member states are a common concern for the entire EU. © The Author(s...
Klaus Regling
Klaus Regling
The decline of "natural real interest rates" during the last three decades is a common phenomenon in all advanced economies and can be explained by a number of structural factors: the downward trend in potential growth; population ageing, w...
Carlos Cuerpo
Carlos Cuerpo
Economic recovery post-COVID-19 will be structured around answering a number of fundamental questions. It is necessary to take stock of the extent of the recovery and of the transformation our economies have experienced in the last year and...
Christian Breuer
Christian Breuer
John Furlow,Mélody Braun
John Furlow
The Loss of Raw Material Criticality: Implications of the Collapse of Saudi Arabian Oil Exports [0.03%]
沙特阿拉伯原油出口崩溃的原料重要性丧失及其影响
Ulrich Blum,Jiarui Zhong
Ulrich Blum
Raw material criticality has played an important role in geostrategic thinking, especially since the crisis surrounding the price and supply of rare earths at the beginning of the 2010s. However, once dependency and strategic importance gro...