Counterfactual Desirability [0.03%]
欲求的反事实理论
Richard Bradley,H Orri Stefánsson
Richard Bradley
The desirability of what actually occurs is often influenced by what could have been. Preferences based on such value dependencies between actual and counterfactual outcomes generate a class of problems for orthodox decision theory, the bes...
Infinitesimal Probabilities [0.03%]
无穷小的概率
Vieri Benci,Leon Horsten,Sylvia Wenmackers
Vieri Benci
Non-Archimedean probability functions allow us to combine regularity with perfect additivity. We discuss the philosophical motivation for a particular choice of axioms for a non-Archimedean probability theory and answer some philosophical o...
Model-Selection Theory: The Need for a More Nuanced Picture of Use-Novelty and Double-Counting [0.03%]
模型选择理论：对使用新颖性和重复计算的片面认识需要更加细致入微的观点
Katie Steele,Charlotte Werndl
Katie Steele
This article argues that common intuitions regarding (a) the specialness of 'use-novel' data for confirmation and (b) that this specialness implies the 'no-double-counting rule', which says that data used in 'constructing' (calibrating) a m...
A Proposed Probabilistic Extension of the Halpern and Pearl Definition of 'Actual Cause' [0.03%]
霍尔彭和佩尔定义的“实际原因”的概率扩展模型
Luke Fenton-Glynn
Luke Fenton-Glynn
Joseph Halpern and Judea Pearl ([2005]) draw upon structural equation models to develop an attractive analysis of 'actual cause'. Their analysis is designed for the case of deterministic causation. I show that their account can be naturally...
Lisa Bortolotti
Lisa Bortolotti
In this article I ask whether elaborated and systematized delusions emerging in the context of schizophrenia have the potential for epistemic innocence. Cognitions are epistemically innocent if they have significant epistemic benefits that ...
Ulrich E Stegmann
Ulrich E Stegmann
This article reconsiders the theoretical role of the genetic code. By drawing on published and unpublished sources from the 1950s, I analyse how the code metaphor was actually employed by the scientists who first promoted its use. The analy...
Nicholas Shea
Nicholas Shea
Recent theoretical work has identified a tightly constrained sense in which genes carry representational content. Representational properties of the genome are founded in the transmission of DNA over phylogenetic time and its role in natura...
Nicholas Shea,Tim Bayne
Nicholas Shea
Consciousness in experimental subjects is typically inferred from reports and other forms of voluntary behaviour. A wealth of everyday experience confirms that healthy subjects do not ordinarily behave in these ways unless they are consciou...
A Akkerman
A Akkerman
"Considering age groups as part of cohorts, implicit in LLM [a Leslie-Lotka finitist model], causes difficulty, manifested by the extensionality paradox. The proposition made here was that cohorts are empirical temporal entities, while age ...