Prosthetic loosening represents a catastrophic postoperative complication in artificial joint replacement, resulting in severe patient morbidity and substantial healthcare costs. This investigation aimed to develop a novel strategy for preventing prosthetic loosening. Two-dimensional MXene V₂C nanosheets were synthesized and subsequently immobilized onto three-dimensional porous sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) surfaces with polydopamine (PDA) to form V₂C-PDA@SPEEK (Abbrev. V₂C-PS). The biocompatibility was systematically evaluated using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and murine models. The osteogenic differentiation potential of V₂C-PS was assessed through real-time PCR analysis, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and Alizarin Red staining. The in vivo osteogenic capacity of V₂C-PS surrounding the implant material was evaluated in rat femoral models using micro-CT analysis, biomechanical pull-out testing, sequential fluorescent labeling of newly formed bone, and Van Gieson staining. The molecular mechanisms underlying V₂C-PS -mediated osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using chemical inhibitors, β-catenin shRNA lentiviral silencing, and β-catenin mRNA lentiviral overexpression. The results demonstrated that V₂C-PS exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Quantitative analysis revealed substantial upregulation (p < 0.05) of critical osteogenic markers, including RUNX2 (4.4-fold), COL-1 (5.7-fold), OCN (3.3-fold), BMP-2 (4.4-fold), OPN (3.1-fold), BSP (3.3-fold), ON (4.3-fold), and OSX (2.83-fold), in the 25V₂C-PS treatment group compared to PS group. The bone parameters were also remarkably enhanced in the 25V₂C-PS group (BMD increased by 241 %, bone-implant contact by 159 %, BV/TV by 225 %, Tb.N by 281 %, Tb.Th by 214 %, maximum pull-out force by 250 %, and Tp.Sp decreased by 33 %). Furthermore, V₂C-PS were found to enhance rBMSC osteogenic differentiation through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study presents a promising approach for preventing orthopedic prosthetic loosening and demonstrates significant potential for clinical translation.

Keywords: MXene V(2)C; Osteogenesis; SPEEK; WNT/β-catenin; rBMSCs.

Copyright © 2025 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

假体松动是人工关节置换术后的一种灾难性并发症，会导致患者严重病情和高昂的医疗费用。本研究旨在开发一种预防假体松动的新策略。合成了二维MXene Vsub>2</sub>C纳米片，并用聚多巴胺（PDA）将其固定在三维多孔磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）表面，形成V₂C-PDA@SPEEK（简称V<sub2C-PS）。使用大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（rBMSCs）和小鼠模型系统地评估了其生物相容性。通过实时PCR分析、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色和茜素红染色，评估了V₂C-PS的成骨分化潜能。使用微型CT分析、生物力学拉拔测试、新形成的骨骼的连续荧光标记以及Van Gieson染色，在大鼠股骨模型中评价了植入材料周围V₂C-PS的体内成骨能力。通过化学抑制剂、β-catenin shRNA慢病毒沉默和β-catenin mRNA慢病毒过表达，从体内外研究了V₂C-PS介导rBMSCs成骨分化的分子机制。结果表明，V₂C-PS表现出优异的生物相容性。定量分析显示，在25V₂C-PS处理组中，关键成骨标志物RUNX2（4.4倍）、COL-1（5.7倍）、OCN（3.3倍）、BMP-2（4.4倍）、OPN（3.1倍）、BSP（3.3倍）、ON（4.3倍）和OSX（2.83倍）显著上调（p < 0.05），与PS组相比。在25V₂C-PS组中，骨参数也显著增强（骨密度增加了241%，骨-植入接触增加159%，BV/TV增加225%，Tb.N增加281%，Tb.Th增加214%，最大拉拔力增加250%，Tp.Sp减少了33%）。此外，还发现V₂C-PS通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路增强了rBMSC的成骨分化。本研究提出了一种预防骨科假体松动的有前景的方法，并展示了其在临床应用中的巨大潜力。

关键词：MXene V(2)C；成骨作用；SPEEK；WNT/β-catenin；rBMSCs。