During adolescence, close friendships become increasingly important, yet whether norms within friendship groups may influence responses to cyberbullying more than norms from more distal reference groups such as schools remains untested. This preregistered experiment examined the effects of friendship and school pro-defending norms on adolescents' defending intentions and behaviors in response to hypothetical cyberbullying scenarios. Participants were 321 students from grades 5 to 10 in a German secondary school (55.45% female; M_age = 12.66, SD_age = 1.73), randomly assigned to a friendship norm (N = 105), school norm (N = 110), or control (N = 106) condition. Norm information was derived from previous data collection. Victim- and bully-oriented defending intentions and behaviors were significantly higher in the friendship norm condition compared to the control condition, while the school norm condition showed no significant effects. Neither norm condition influenced cyberbullying reporting and participation in an anti-bullying campaign. These findings demonstrate that friendship norms are effective in promoting defending in cyberbullying situations, suggesting that norm-based interventions may benefit from targeting such proximal reference groups that are aligned with adolescents' developmental needs.

Keywords: Adolescence; Cyberbullying; Defending; Friendships; Social norms.

© 2025. The Author(s).

在青春期，亲密的友谊变得越来越重要，然而，朋友群体内的规范是否比学校等较远参考群体的规范更能影响青少年对网络欺凌的反应仍需验证。这项预注册实验考察了友情和学校支持受害者的规范对青少年在网络欺凌情景中的干预意图和行为的影响。参与者是德国一所中学5至10年级的321名学生（55.45%为女性；平均年龄 = 12.66岁，标准差 = 1.73），随机分配到友情规范组（N = 105）、学校规范组（N = 110）或对照组（N = 106）。规范信息来自之前的资料收集。与对照组相比，在友情规范条件下，以受害者为中心和以欺凌者为中心的干预意图和行为显著更高，而学校规范条件没有显示出显著效果。两种规范条件都没有影响网络欺凌报告及参与反欺凌活动的情况。这些发现表明，友情规范在促进网络欺凌情景中的支持行为方面是有效的，这说明基于规范的干预措施可能受益于针对与青少年发展需求相契合的近端参考群体。

关键词：青春期；网络欺凌；干预行为；友谊；社会规范。

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