Neuronal injury is a common complication in patients with diabetes. These injuries include a wide range of neurobehavioral complications that significantly reduce the neuronal network efficiency and quality of life in affected individuals. Currently, diabetes-induced neuronal complications are a major global health challenge, and many studies have been performed to prevent or slow their progression. Semaglutide is a novel form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist agents that has recently been approved for diabetic patients to normalize glucose metabolism. However, some evidence indicates that it has extra-glycemic effects in some tissues as well as in the central nervous system. This evidence suggests that semaglutide can suppress some pathophysiological pathways involved in diabetes-induced neuronal complications and thus improve neuronal network efficiency. However, there is limited evidence to support all the pathways involved in mediating these benefits. In the current review, we aim to present the latest clinical and experimental findings on the possible benefits of semaglutide on major neuronal complications and to determine the possible molecular mechanisms involved.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Cognition; Diabetes mellitus; GLP-1; Semaglutide.

Copyright © 2025 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

神经损伤是糖尿病患者常见的并发症。这些损伤包括一系列神经行为并发症，显著降低了受影响个体的神经网络效率和生活质量。目前，由糖尿病引起的神经并发症已成为一个主要的全球健康挑战，并且许多研究旨在预防或减缓其进展。索马鲁肽是一种新型的胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）受体激动剂，最近被批准用于糖尿病患者以恢复正常葡萄糖代谢。然而，一些证据表明，它在某些组织和中枢神经系统中也具有额外的非血糖效应。这些证据表明，索马鲁肽可以抑制与糖尿病引起的神经并发症相关的病理生理途径，从而提高神经网络效率。然而，支持所有参与这一过程的途径的确切证据有限。在这篇综述中，我们旨在介绍有关索马鲁肽对主要神经并发症可能带来的益处的最新临床和实验研究，并确定其中涉及的可能分子机制。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病；认知功能；糖尿病；GLP-1；索马鲁肽。

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