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Current biology : CB. 2025 Jun 9;35(11):2554-2566.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.039 Q18.12024

Population histories of the Indigenous Adivasi and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka using whole genomes

利用全基因组研究斯里兰卡土著亚迪瓦西人和僧伽罗人的人口历史 翻译改进

Jose A Urban Aragon  1, Esha Bandyopadhyay  1, Amali S Fernando  2, Constanza de la Fuente Castro  1, Anjana H J Welikala  2, Arjun Biddanda  3, David Witonsky  1, Nathan Sander  1, Joanne T Kotelawala  2, Nagarjuna Pasupuleti  4, Matthias Steinrücken  5, Gamini Adikari  6, Kamani Tennekoon  2, Aaron P Ragsdale  7, Jonathan Terhorst  8, Ruwandi Ranasinghe  9, Niraj Rai  10, Maanasa Raghavan  11

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作者单位

  • 1 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  • 2 Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
  • 3 Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 20210, USA.
  • 4 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
  • 5 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  • 6 Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology, University of Kelaniya, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka.
  • 7 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
  • 8 Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
  • 9 Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka. Electronic address: ruwa@ibmbb.cmb.ac.lk.
  • 10 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. Electronic address: nirajrai@bsip.res.in.
  • 11 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committees on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology and Southern Asian Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: mraghavan@uchicago.edu.

    • DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.039 PMID: 40494279

    摘要 中英对照阅读

    Sri Lanka has played a key role in the peopling of South Asia, with archaeological evidence for human presence on the island dating back to ⁓40,000 years ago. Present-day Indigenous peoples of the island, the Adivasi, are proposed to have descended from early inhabitants of the region, while urban populations like the Sinhalese, the major ethnic group on the island, migrated from India in historical times. Using whole genomes from 19 Adivasi individuals belonging to two clans and from 35 Sinhalese, we find that the Adivasi and Sinhalese share high genetic similarities with each other and with other Sri Lankan and Indian populations, especially those with greater genetic affinity to Ancestral South Indians (ASI). Admixture modeling of the Sri Lankan groups reveals that despite shared ancestral components, the Adivasi retain higher genetic contributions from ancient hunter-gatherers compared with the Sinhalese. Additionally, in contrast to the Sinhalese, the Adivasi have maintained low effective population size and undergone strong founder events, which is consistent with their hunter-gatherer lifestyle, historic relocations, and habitat fragmentation. While the two Adivasi clans are genetically more similar to each other than to any other populations, we observe differing demographic histories, with the Interior Adivasi experiencing a stronger bottleneck than the Coastal Adivasi since their split. This whole-genome-based study addresses gaps in our understanding of the demographic and migratory history of two key Sri Lankan groups and, consequently, of broader South Asia by illuminating complex population structure that has been shaped by both demographic and socio-cultural factors.

    Keywords: Adivasi; Sinhalese; South Asia; Sri Lanka; admixture; demography; genetic histories; human evolution; population structure.

    Keywords：whole genomes; indigenous adivasi; sinhalese_population_histories

    斯里兰卡在南亚人口形成过程中发挥了关键作用，考古证据表明岛上有人类活动可追溯到约4万年前。目前岛上的原住民阿迪瓦西人据信是从该地区的早期居民后裔中演变而来，而像僧伽罗人这样的城市群体（岛上主要的民族群体）则是在历史上从印度迁徙过来的。我们对来自两个氏族的19名阿迪瓦西人的全基因组以及35名僧伽罗人的数据进行了分析，发现阿迪瓦西人和僧伽罗人在遗传上与其他斯里兰卡和印度人群体（尤其是那些与南亚原住民祖先有更大亲缘关系的人群）具有较高的相似性。对斯里兰卡群体的混血建模显示，尽管这些群体拥有共同的祖源成分，但阿迪瓦西人保留了比僧伽罗人更多的古代狩猎采集者的遗传贡献。此外，与僧伽罗人不同，阿迪瓦西人的有效种群规模较小，并经历了强烈的奠基事件，这与其狩猎采集生活方式、历史上的人口迁移和栖息地碎片化一致。虽然两个阿迪瓦西氏族在基因上彼此更为相似于其他任何群体，但我们观察到了不同的人口历史，在他们分化后，内陆阿迪瓦西人经历了比沿海阿迪瓦西人更强的瓶颈效应。这项基于全基因组的研究填补了我们对斯里兰卡两大关键人群体及其更广泛的南亚地区的人口迁移和演化历史的理解中的空白，并揭示了由人口和社会文化因素共同塑造的复杂种群结构。

    关键词：阿迪瓦西人；僧伽罗人；南亚；斯里兰卡；混血；人口学；遗传史；人类进化；种群结构。

    关键词：全基因组; 土著阿迪瓦西人; 锡兰尼雅格族人口历史

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    期刊名：Current biology

    缩写：CURR BIOL

    ISSN：0960-9822

    e-ISSN：1879-0445

    IF/分区：8.1/Q1

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    Population histories of the Indigenous Adivasi and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka using whole genomes