Background Healthcare claims data are increasingly used to investigate the epidemiology of benign thyroid diseases. Here we estimate the prevalence of treated hyper- and hypo-thyroidism and assess the potential sociodemographic and geographic disparities in France in 2020 given the country's poor epidemiological knowledge of these conditions. Methods We used the French national health data system, which covers nearly the entire population residing in France (over 67 million inhabitants in metropolitan and overseas departments). Prevalent cases were identified based on patients' long-term disease status, hospitalisation for hyper- and hypothyroidism and reimbursements for thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, iodine-131 and thyroid surgery. Thyroid stimulating hormone, antithyroid antibodies and previous therapy for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism were considered to characterise the origin and surveillance of hypothyroidism. Results In 2020, we identified 112,992 and 2,986,333 cases of treated hyper- and hypothyroidism, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 0.17 and 4.45 per 100 inhabitants. Marked differences were observed in terms of sex, age group and geographic area (department) for both conditions and deprivation level of the place of residence for hyperthyroidism only. The proportion of hypothyroidism following previous therapy for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism was less than 10%. Adequate monitoring (thyroid stimulating hormone checked in the past year) occurred in 73.7% of hypothyroid subjects, with large variations across departments. Conclusions This study provides prevalence estimates of treated hyper- and hypothyroidism at the national and departmental levels in France and improves epidemiological knowledge of both conditions. It also supports using health claims data for their epidemiological surveillance.

背景：医疗索赔数据越来越多地被用于研究良性甲状腺疾病的流行病学。在这里，我们估计了2020年法国治疗的甲亢和甲减的患病率，并评估了这些疾病在该国的社会人口学和地区差异，考虑到法国对这些条件的流行病学知识不足。 方法：我们使用了覆盖几乎整个居住在法国的人口（包括6700多万居民）的法国国家健康数据系统。基于患者的长期疾病状态、甲亢和甲减住院情况以及甲状腺激素、抗甲状腺药物、碘-131和甲状腺手术报销，识别出患病病例。促甲状腺素、抗甲状腺抗体以及之前接受过甲状腺癌或甲亢治疗的情况被考虑用于描述甲减的起源和监测。 结果：2020年，我们分别确定了112,992例和2,986,333例接受治疗的甲亢和甲减病例，总体患病率分别为每百人中有0.17和4.45例。对于这两种情况，在性别、年龄组和地区（省）以及仅限于甲亢的地方居住者的贫困水平方面观察到了明显的差异。由于甲状腺癌或甲亢之前的治疗而导致的甲减比例不到10%。充分监测（过去一年内检查过促甲状腺素）发生在73.7%的甲减患者中，各地区之间存在较大差异。 结论：本研究提供了法国全国及省级层面对治疗过的甲亢和甲减的患病率估计，并提高了对这两种情况流行病学知识的理解。该研究还支持使用医疗索赔数据进行其流行病学监测。