Background: Autoimmune diseases such as Graves' disease are complex pathologies that often require intensive and long-term treatment. However, the mechanisms contributing to the development and maintenance of this pathology are still not fully understood. Understanding the role of the innate immune response, especially in the context of monocytes, in the development of Graves' disease remains a poorly understood aspect.

Aim: To study the level of ROS production in monocytes in patients with Graves' disease after RAI to identify the level of activation of the macrophage-monocyte system.

Materials and methods: The hormonal status and monocyte activity were analyzed before and 1, 3 and 6 months after RAI. The level of ROS was determined using spontaneous and luminol- and luceginin-derived chemiluminescence.

Results: The study included 48 patients with Graves' disease, aged from 18 to 65 years. In patients with Graves' disease, a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes in monocytes was detected compared to the control group. These changes were observed both before and after RAI. It has been shown that changes in ROS production are independent of thyroid function and antibody levels. The changes indicate the potential immunosuppressive effects of radionuclide treatment and its effect on monocyte NADPH oxidase activity. A decrease in the production of secondary ROS in monocytes was also noted, which may indicate a decrease in the activation of monocytes during antigenic stimulation and inhibition of autoimmune processes.

Conclusion: Reduced metabolic activity of monocytes and low levels of ROS synthesis correlate with inhibition of the autoimmune process and decreased activation of the macrophage-monocyte system. The study confirms the importance of the role of monocytes in the ROS production system and their influence on the autoimmune process in Graves' disease. These results may have clinical significance and contribute to the development of new immunotropic strategies for the treatment of this disease.

背景: 自身免疫性疾病如格雷夫斯病是一种复杂的病理状态，通常需要长期而密集的治疗。然而，导致这种疾病发生和发展的作用机制尚未完全理解。特别是单核细胞在格雷夫斯病发展中的先天性免疫反应作用仍然不甚明了。

目的: 研究接受放射性碘（RAI）治疗后格雷夫斯病患者单核细胞中活性氧（ROS）的产生水平，以确定巨噬细胞-单核细胞系统的激活程度。

材料与方法: 在RAI前后1个月、3个月和6个月分别分析患者的激素状态和单核细胞活动。通过自发性和由鲁米诺（luminol）和卢西根（luceginin）衍生的化学发光法测定ROS水平。

结果: 研究共纳入48名格雷夫斯病患者，年龄在18至65岁之间。与对照组相比，在患有格雷夫斯病的患者中检测到单核细胞自由基过程强度降低，这种变化在RAI治疗前后都存在。研究表明，ROS产生的变化不受甲状腺功能和抗体水平的影响。这些变化表明放射性核素治疗可能具有免疫抑制作用，并且影响了单核细胞NADPH氧化酶活性。还观察到了单核细胞中次级ROS产生减少的现象，这可能表示抗原刺激期间的单核细胞激活减弱以及自身免疫过程受到抑制。

结论: 单核细胞代谢活动降低和低水平ROS合成与自身免疫过程的抑制及巨噬细胞-单核细胞系统激活减少相关。本研究证实了单核细胞在ROS生成系统中的作用及其对格雷夫斯病中自身免疫进程的影响的重要性。这些结果可能具有临床意义，并有助于制定新的针对该疾病的免疫调节策略。