Application of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) within performance environments is increasing, however measures that assess irrational beliefs in specific populations are encouraged. A population that may benefit from REBT is sports officials. This paper reports the development, validation and reliability of the Irrational Beliefs Scale for Sports Officials (IBSSO). Item development was drawn from original items of the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory (iPBI), then refined over three stages using an expert panel, novice panel and industry panel. Officials (N = 402; 349 male, 50 female, 3 undisclosed) from 11 sports (M years' experience = 13.02; SD = 10.24) completed the inventory, with exploratory factor analysis suggesting a 3, 4, and 5-factor model from 22 remaining items. A new sample of 154 officials (140 male, 12 female, 2 undisclosed) representing 9 sports (M years' experience = 14.61, SD = 11.96) completed the IBSSO, along with 6 other related measures (e.g., Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Affective Reactivity Index) to assess criterion validity. A four-factor model showed acceptable fit, with self-depreciation, peer rejection demands, emotional control demands, and approval identified as subscales, as well as a three-factor model. The IBSSO was positively correlated with the additional measures and negatively correlated with age, demonstrating concurrent validity. To assess convergent validity, 94 new officials (83 male, 10 female, 1 undisclosed; M _age = 36.74 years, SD = 15.03) completed the IBSSO and iPBI simultaneously. The IBSSO was positively correlated with the iPBI, indicating convergent validity. Furthermore, 29 officials (25 male, 4 female, M years' experience = 14.57, SD = 12.44) completed the IBSSO over three-time points, with a repeated-measures MANCOVA and Intra-Class Coefficients confirming test-retest reliability. The 16-item four-factor model was accepted based on statistical and theoretical fit. The paper presents a measure of irrational beliefs in sports officials, with investigation into the effectiveness of REBT with this population recommended.

Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis; exploratory factor analysis; officials; rational-emotive behavior therapy; referees.

Copyright © 2025 Carrington, Turner, North and Brady.

理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）在表演环境中应用的增加，然而鼓励针对特定人群评估非理性信念的方法。可能从REBT中受益的一个群体是体育裁判。本文报告了《体育裁判非理性信念量表》（IBSSO）的发展、验证和可靠性测试。项目开发基于原始的《表现非理性信念问卷》（iPBI）项目，然后通过专家小组、新手小组和行业小组三个阶段进行完善。402名来自11个不同运动项目的裁判员（其中349名为男性，50名为女性，其余未公开性别；平均经验年限为13.02年，标准差为10.24）完成了该问卷，探索性因子分析表明从剩余的22个项目中可以形成3、4和5个因素模型。另一组由154名裁判员（其中140名为男性，12名为女性，其余未公开性别；平均经验年限为14.61年，标准差为11.96）代表了9个运动项目，并且完成了IBSSO以及另外六项相关措施（例如自动思维问卷、情感反应指数），以评估评判效度。四因素模型显示出可接受的拟合度，自贬低、同伴拒绝需求、情绪控制需求和认可被确认为子量表，此外还有三个因素模型。IBSSO与额外措施正相关，并且与年龄负相关，表明具有同时效度。为了评估聚合效度，94名新裁判员（83名为男性，10名为女性，其余未公开性别；平均年龄为36.74岁，标准差为15.03）完成了IBSSO和iPBI。IBSSO与iPBI正相关，表明具有聚合效度。此外，29名裁判员（其中25名为男性，4名为女性；平均经验年限为14.57年，标准差为12.44）在三个时间点完成了IBSSO，重复测量的多变量协方差分析和组内相关系数确认了测试重测信度。基于统计和理论拟合，接受了四因素模型中的16个项目。本文提供了一种用于体育裁判非理性信念的量表，并建议进一步调查REBT在这一群体中的有效性。

关键词： 确认性因子分析；探索性因子分析；裁判员；理性情绪行为疗法；裁判。

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