It is widely accepted that upright faces are processed more holistically than inverted faces, but there is limited evidence on how face orientation affects holistic processing in conflict tasks and how this differs in arrow and gaze processing. To address these gaps, we devised a novel arrow-gaze Stroop task involving both arrow and gaze judgments. Our results show that face orientation does not influence the congruency effect in this Stroop task. However, the congruency effect is significantly stronger for gaze judgments than for arrow judgments. We used hierarchical Bayesian estimation to evaluate three conflict drift-diffusion models-the diffusion model for conflict tasks, the dual-stage two-phase model, and the shrinking spotlight model (SSP)-to examine holistic cognitive control mechanisms. Our model-based analysis reveals that the SSP outperforms the diffusion model for conflict and dual-stage two-phase models. Representational similarity analysis of the SSP model parameters between gaze and arrow judgments suggests two key findings: (a) Feature-based processing of both arrow and gaze tasks, along with conflict-related factors, explains the similar congruency effects observed across both face orientations, while the processing speed of relevant stimulus attributes impacts overall performance, and (b) there are both shared and dissociable attentional effects between gaze and arrow processing. These findings provide new insights into the shared computational mechanisms underlying social and nonsocial cognitive control processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

普遍认为，直立的人脸比倒置的人脸被更整体地处理，但在冲突任务中人脸朝向如何影响整体加工以及箭头和目光处理之间的差异方面，证据较少。为了填补这些空白，我们设计了一种新颖的箭头-目光斯特鲁普任务，涉及箭头和目光判断。我们的研究结果显示，在这种斯特鲁普任务中，面部方向不影响一致性效应。然而，一致性效应在目光判断中的表现显著强于箭头判断。我们使用分层贝叶斯估计来评估三种冲突漂移扩散模型——冲突任务的扩散模型、双阶段两相模型和缩小光斑模型（SSP）——以考察整体认知控制机制。基于模型的分析表明，SSP优于冲突和双阶段两相模型。对SSP模型参数在目光与箭头判断之间的表现相似性分析提出了两个关键发现：(a) 箭头和目光任务中的特征加工以及相关冲突因素解释了两种面部方向中观察到的一致性效应的相似性，而相关刺激属性的处理速度影响整体表现；(b) 目光与箭头处理之间既有共享也有可区分的注意效应。这些发现为社会性和非社会性认知控制过程所共有的计算机制提供了新的见解。(PsycInfo数据库记录 © 2025 APA,版权所有)