Microbial communities associated with the grapevine phyllosphere and carposhere are a fundamental determinant of grape and wine quality. High throughput amplicon sequencing was used to profile the fungal and bacterial communities on the associated phylloplane and carposphere of Vitis vinifera L. cv's Chardonnay and Pinot noir in the Elgin and Hemel-en-Aarde wine districts of South Africa in the 2021-2022 growing season. The subsequent grape must was analysed to determine the prevalent microbiome. The most abundant bacterial and fungal genera found in both the phylloplane and carposphere of Chardonnay and Pinot noir were Pseudomonas and Filobasidium. The LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) revealed significant differences in fungal and bacterial biomarkers from leaf, berry and grape must samples; however, no biomarkers were identified for cultivar nor location. Fungal β-diversity was significantly similar at different phenological stages, whereas bacterial β-diversity was significantly similar regardless of the site of colonisation. However, skin integrity of the grapes was may have influenced the microbial diversity.

Keywords: Grapevine; Microbial diversity; Microbiome; Non-Saccharomyces yeasts; Phenological stage; Pinot noir; Wine fermentation.

Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

与葡萄vine叶片和浆果表面相关的微生物群落是决定葡萄和葡萄酒质量的关键因素。在2021-2022年的生长季节，使用高通量扩增子测序技术分析了南非Elgin和Hemel-en-Aarde葡萄酒产区的Vitis vinifera L. 品种Chardonnay和Pinot noir叶片表面（phylloplane）和浆果表面（carposphere）上的真菌和细菌群落。随后对葡萄汁进行了分析，以确定主要微生物组。在查尔多内和黑皮诺的叶面和浆果表面上发现的主要细菌和真菌属分别是假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和丝状隐球菌属（Filobasidium）。LEfSe（线性判别分析效应大小）揭示了来自叶片、果实和葡萄汁样本中的真菌和细菌生物标志物存在显著差异；然而，没有为品种或位置识别出任何生物标志物。不同生长阶段的真菌β多样性具有显着相似性，而无论定植部位如何，细菌β多样性也表现出显着相似性。不过，葡萄果皮的完整性可能影响了微生物多样性的分布。

关键词： 葡萄vine；微生物多样性；微生物组；非酿酒酵母；生长阶段；黑皮诺；葡萄酒发酵。

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