Outbreaks and recalls of Listeria monocytogenes associated with commercial mushrooms have been reported in recent years. Unfortunately, knowledge about the survival of L. monocytogenes on different mushrooms remains limited. This study aims to characterize the survival of L. monocytogenes on growing and harvested Trumpet Royale (Pleurotus eryngii), Alba Clamshell (Hypsizygus tessellatus), and Brown Clamshell (Hypsizygus tessellatus) mushrooms. Mushrooms were spot-inoculated with rifampin-resistant cocktails of L. monocytogenes on the caps with an initial level of ca. 8 and 4 log CFU/mushroom and air-dried for 30 min until no visible inoculum was observed on the inoculated area. The survival of L. monocytogenes was monitored on growing and harvested mushrooms for up to 7 days after inoculation. L. monocytogenes inoculated on growing mushrooms dropped below the limit of detection after day 2 or day 3 regardless of the inoculation levels. L. monocytogenes persisted on harvested mushrooms for up to 7 days regardless of mushroom types and inoculation levels at 4 °C. By the end of 7-day storage, 6.1, 3.8, and 6.2 log CFU/mushroom of L. monocytogenes were recovered from Trumpet Royale, Alba Clamshell, and Brown Clamshell, respectively (inoculation level: ca. 8 log CFU/mushroom). At low inoculation levels (ca. 4 log CFU/mushroom), L. monocytogenes positive samples were found in all types of mushrooms after 7-day storage. The results of this study highlight one key important finding, that is the behavior of L. monocytogenes is significantly different between growing mushrooms and harvested mushrooms. Such information is critical for the development of food safety plans for the mushroom industry from pre-harvest to post-harvest stages.

Keywords: Foodborne pathogens; Mushroom; Post-harvest; Pre-harvest; Storage.

Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

近年来，与商业蘑菇相关的单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes）爆发和召回事件时有报道。不幸的是，关于L. monocytogenes在不同种类蘑菇上存活情况的知识仍然有限。本研究旨在表征L. monocytogenes在生长中的和已收获的帝王喇叭菇（Pleurotus eryngii）、白壳口蘑（Hypsizygus tessellatus）和棕壳口蘑（Hypsizygus tessellatus）上的存活情况。

蘑菇用含有利福平抗性的L. monocytogenes混合物点状接种于菌盖上，初始水平约为8 log CFU/个或4 log CFU/个，并在30分钟内风干至接种区域不再可见。监测了生长中的和已收获的蘑菇上L. monocytogenes长达7天的存活情况。

对于生长中的蘑菇，无论接种浓度如何，在第2天或第3天后，L. monocytogenes均降至检测限以下。在4°C下，L. monocytogenes可以在所有类型的已收获蘑菇上存活长达7天，而与蘑菇类型和接种水平无关。在为期7天的储存结束时，分别从帝王喇叭菇、白壳口蘑和棕壳口蘑中回收了6.1 log CFU/个、3.8 log CFU/个和6.2 log CFU/个（初始接种浓度：约8 log CFU/个）L. monocytogenes。在低水平接种（约4 log CFU/个）情况下，所有类型的蘑菇储存7天后仍检测到L. monocytogenes阳性样本。

本研究的结果强调了一个重要发现，即L. monocytogenes在生长中的和已收获的蘑菇上的行为有显著差异。这些信息对于开发从采前到采后的整个食用菌行业的食品安全计划至关重要。

关键词：食源性病原体；蘑菇；采后；采前；储存。