This paper examines whether visualizations in cultural heritage fields can move beyond their traditional roles of exploration and analysis to facilitate higher-order cognitive processes central to the practice of "critique". Drawing on arts and humanities perspectives, we define critical cognition as a mode of inquiry that explores and evaluates the potentiality of cultural objects and topics-and interrogates the associated representation and research systems that shape them-against the background of their actual state. We propose a framework for thinking about the critical potential of visualization systems and outline design strategies that enhance critical cognition and encourage responsive action. To that end, we examine multiple system components, including culture and context, collection practices, digital modeling, visualization, and research practices. We argue that by incorporating critical perspectives on these system components into interface design, we can empower users, foster more reflective and nuanced engagement with cultural collections, deepen understanding of their social, historical, and epistemic contexts, and ultimately strengthen trust in visualization methods within the arts and humanities.

本文探讨了文化领域中的可视化能否超越传统的探索和分析角色，以促进“批判”实践中心的高层次认知过程。借鉴艺术与人文学科的观点，我们将批判性思维定义为一种探究并评估文化对象和主题潜在性的模式，并在这些对象的实际状态下对其相关表示和研究系统进行质疑。我们提出了一个关于可视化系统的批判潜力的思考框架，并概述了增强批判性思维和鼓励响应行动的设计策略。为此，我们考察了多个系统组件，包括文化和背景、收藏实践、数字建模、可视化以及研究实践。我们认为，通过在界面设计中融入这些系统组件的批判性视角，我们可以赋予用户更多权力，促进对文化藏品更富有反思性和细腻度的参与，并加深对其社会、历史和知识背景的理解，从而最终增强艺术与人文学科领域内对可视化方法的信任。