Purpose: This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions designed to increase the intrinsic capacity (IC) of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: An umbrella review of systematic reviews from 2015 to October 31, 2024, with no language restrictions, was conducted. The review included five databases, including Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Library. Studies followed the preferred reporting items for overviews of reviews (PRIOR) statement. Eligible studies were systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMAs) that included any type of research aimed at enhancing IC in community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years). The interventions covered seven domains: locomotion, vitality, cognitive function, psychological health, sensory function, sleep, and continence. Risk of bias and study quality were extracted via the AMSTAR tool, and GRADE approach was applied to assess the certainty of evidence.

Findings: Out of 6,407 initially identified articles, 29 SRMAs comprising 400 studies with a total sample size of 43,849 participants were included. Mobility-focused interventions were the most studied among the seven domains of IC. Moderate to low-quality evidence supports the effectiveness of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening and gait/muscle training for improving locomotor functions in older adults with frailty or acute functional decline. Nonpharmacological interventions targeting cognitive and psychological functions ranked second in the volume of available evidence. No effective sensory or continence interventions were identified. Overall, interventions have demonstrated varying effectiveness, with impacts ranging from moderate to very low across the domains of IC.

Interpretations: This umbrella review provides a comprehensive assessment of nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing IC in older adults, highlighting the effectiveness of mobility/muscle strength training for improving locomotor function among frail older adult or those experiencing functional decline. However, the evidence for interventions targeting other IC domains remains limited, particularly for sensory function, and continence management. Future research should prioritize high-quality trials evaluating interventions in these areas to develop evidence-based guidelines for improving overall IC and promoting healthy aging in older adults.

Keywords: intrinsic capacity; nonpharmacological interventions; older adults; umbrella review.

Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

目的： 本研究旨在综合现有证据，评估非药物干预措施在增加社区居住老年人内在能力（IC）方面的有效性。

方法： 从2015年到2024年10月31日进行了系统性综述的伞状审查，无语言限制。该回顾包括五个数据库：Embase、Ovid MEDLINE、护理和 allied 健康文献累积索引 (CINAHL)、Cochrane 控制试验中心注册 (CENTRAL) 和 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) 图书馆。研究遵循了综述概述首选报告项目（PRIOR）声明。符合条件的研究是包含任何旨在增强社区居住老年人（年龄≥60岁）内在能力的系统性回顾和荟萃分析(SRMAs)。干预措施涵盖了七个领域：运动、活力、认知功能、心理健康、感官功能、睡眠以及失禁管理。通过AMSTAR工具提取偏倚风险和研究质量，并使用GRADE方法评估证据的确凿程度。

结果： 从最初确定的6407篇文章中，共纳入了29个SRMAs（包含400项研究），总样本量为43849名参与者。在七个内在能力领域中，以运动为重点的干预措施最受研究关注。有中等到低质量证据支持针对脆弱或急性功能减退老年人进行内足肌强化和步态/肌肉训练的有效性，可改善其步行功能。其次，在认知和心理健康方面的非药物干预措施的现有证据量也较大。没有发现有效的感官或失禁管理干预措施。总体而言，不同内在能力领域的干预效果不一，影响范围从中等到非常低。

解释： 这项伞状审查提供了对提高老年人内在能力非药物干预措施的全面评估，突出了针对身体脆弱或功能下降老人进行运动/肌肉力量训练的有效性。然而，在其他内在能力领域（特别是感官功能和失禁管理）中，针对这些领域的干预措施证据仍然有限。未来的研究应优先考虑在这些领域进行高质量试验，以制定基于证据的指南，改善老年人的整体内在能力和促进健康老龄化。

关键词： 内在能力；非药物干预措施；老年人；伞状审查。