Perceived inequality and variability in the expression of parochial altruism [0.03%]
感知的不平等与教派利他主义表达的变异性的差异
Cody T Ross,Anne C Pisor
Cody T Ross
It is commonly argued that humans have generalised predispositions for within-group favouritism and between-group animus (i.e. that humans are parochially altruistic), leading to higher levels of internal conflict in societies with greater ...
Expressed disapproval does not sustain long-term cooperation as effectively as costly punishment [0.03%]
表达不满不如代价较大的惩罚一样能有效维持长期合作
Adam Sparks,Tyler Burleigh,Pat Barclay
Adam Sparks
Punishment plays a role in human cooperation, but it is costly. Prior research shows that people are more cooperative when they expect to receive negative feedback for non-cooperation, even in the absence of costly punishment, which would h...
Edwin J C van Leeuwen,Nicky Staes,Marcel Eens et al.
Edwin J C van Leeuwen et al.
Humans show remarkable differences in social behaviour between families, groups, communities and cultures, whereas such group-level within-species variation in socio-behavioural propensities is typically overlooked in other species. Studies...
Norm reinforcement, not conformity or environmental factors, is predicted to sustain cultural variation [0.03%]
规范强化而非顺从或环境因素才有望维系文化差异
Mason L Manning,Bill Thompson,Thomas J H Morgan
Mason L Manning
The maintenance of cross-cultural variation and arbitrary traditions in human populations is a key question in cultural evolution. Conformist transmission, the tendency to follow the majority, was previously considered central to this pheno...
Cultural transmission, networks, and clusters among Austronesian-speaking peoples [0.03%]
南岛语民族的文化传播、网络与聚簇
Joshua C Macdonald,Javier Blanco-Portillo,Marcus W Feldman et al.
Joshua C Macdonald et al.
With its linguistic and cultural diversity, Austronesia is important in the study of evolutionary forces that generate and maintain cultural variation. By analysing publicly available datasets, we have identified four classes of cultural fe...
Socioeconomic status and sex ratio in the contemporary Hungarian population [0.03%]
匈牙利当代人口中的经济社会地位与性别比
Fanni Sarkadi,Eszter Szász,Balázs Rosivall
Fanni Sarkadi
According to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH), when the mother's condition around conception influences the future reproductive success of male and female offspring differently, the adjustment of offspring sex ratio (SR) to maternal con...
Joseph A Bulbulia
Joseph A Bulbulia
Confounding bias arises when a treatment and outcome share a common cause. In randomised controlled experiments (trials), treatment assignment is random, ostensibly eliminating confounding bias. Here, we use causal directed acyclic graphs t...
Evidence that cultural groups differ in their abilities to detect fake accents [0.03%]
关于文化群体辨别假口音能力存在差异的证据
Jonathan R Goodman,Enrico Crema,Francis Nolan et al.
Jonathan R Goodman et al.
Previous research in the evolutionary and psychological sciences has suggested that markers or tags of ethnic or group membership may help to solve cooperation and coordination problems. Cheating remains, however, a problem for these views,...
Co-evolution of behaviour and beliefs in social dilemmas: estimating material, social, cognitive and cultural determinants [0.03%]
社会困境中行为和信念的协同演化：估计物质、社会、认知和文化决定因素
Sergey Gavrilets,Denis Tverskoi,Nianyi Wang et al.
Sergey Gavrilets et al.
Understanding and predicting human cooperative behaviour and belief dynamics remains a major challenge both from the scientific and practical perspectives. Because of the complexity and multiplicity of material, social and cognitive factors...
Alcohol consumption, life history and extinction risk among Raute hunter-gatherers from Nepal [0.03%]
酒精摄入、生活史与尼泊尔劳特猎人灭绝风险之间的关系
Inez Derkx,Gina Menn,Sudarshan Subedi et al.
Inez Derkx et al.
Hunter-gatherer populations underwent a mass extinction in the Neolithic, and in present times face challenges such as explicit sedentarisation policies. An exception is in Nepal, where the nomadic Raute people receive monthly governmental ...