Alternations (at) that time: NP versus PP time adjuncts in the history of English [0.03%]
当时的选择：英语史上名词性时间词组与介词性时间词组的区别标记问题研究
Eva Zehentner
Eva Zehentner
The present paper investigates variation between nominal and prepositional adjuncts of time as in, for example, [on] that day, they left. The main goals are (i) to assess potential changes in the distribution of these variants in the histor...
Validation of two measures for assessing English vocabulary knowledge on web-based testing platforms: long-form assessments [0.03%]
在基于网络的测试平台上验证两种评估英语词汇知识的长篇评估措施的有效性
Lee Drown,Nikole Giovannone,David B Pisoni et al.
Lee Drown et al.
The goal of the current work was to develop and validate web-based measures for assessing English vocabulary knowledge. Two existing paper-and-pencil assessments, the Vocabulary Size Test (VST) and the Word Familiarity Test (WordFAM), were ...
Validation of two measures for assessing English vocabulary knowledge on web-based testing platforms: brief assessments [0.03%]
两种通过网络测试平台测评英语词汇知识的简短评估方法的有效性研究
Lee Drown,Nikole Giovannone,David B Pisoni et al.
Lee Drown et al.
Two measures for assessing English vocabulary knowledge, the Vocabulary Size Test (VST) and the Word Familiarity Test (WordFAM), were recently validated for web-based administration. An analysis of the psychometric properties of these asses...
Linguistic complexity of South Slavic dialects: a new perspective on old data [0.03%]
南斯拉夫方言的语言复杂性：对旧数据的新见解
Maria Morozova,Anastasia Escher,Alexander Rusakov
Maria Morozova
This article presents the results of a quantitative study in which the complexity levels of dialectal varieties belonging to the South Slavic dialect continuum are measured and analyzed. The sample comprises 919 data points, pertaining to t...
Head and dependent marking and dependency length in possessive noun phrases: a typological study of morphological and syntactic complexity [0.03%]
头部和从属标记以及所属名词短语的依存长度：形态学和句法复杂性类型学研究
Kaius Sinnemäki,Viljami Haakana
Kaius Sinnemäki
The interaction of morphosyntactic features has been of great interest in research on linguistic complexity. In this paper we approach such interactions in possessive noun phrases. First, we study the interaction of head marking and depende...
Complexity trade-offs and equi-complexity in natural languages: a meta-analysis [0.03%]
自然语言的复杂性权衡与等价复杂性的元分析研究
Christian Bentz,Ximena Gutierrez-Vasques,Olga Sozinova et al.
Christian Bentz et al.
In linguistics, there is little consensus on how to define, measure, and compare complexity across languages. We propose to take the diversity of viewpoints as a given, and to capture the complexity of a language by a vector of measurements...
Nina Haslinger,Viola Schmitt
Nina Haslinger
We discuss German examples where counterfactuals restricting an epistemic modal are embedded under glauben 'believe'. Such sentences raise a puzzle for the analysis of counterfactuals, modals, and belief attributions within possible-worlds ...
The extent and degree of utterance-final word lengthening in spontaneous speech from 10 languages [0.03%]
来自十种语言的即兴演讲中最终词拉长的程度和程度
Frank Seifart,Jan Strunk,Swintha Danielsen et al.
Frank Seifart et al.
Words in utterance-final positions are often pronounced more slowly than utterance-medial words, as previous studies on individual languages have shown. This paper provides a systematic cross-linguistic comparison of relative durations of f...
Efficiency in human languages: Corpus evidence for universal principles [0.03%]
人类语言的效率：语料库证据表明存在普遍原则
Natalia Levshina,Steven Moran
Natalia Levshina
Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in communicative efficiency. It has been argued that language users act efficiently, saving effort for processing and articulation, and that language structure and use reflect this ...
Communicative efficiency and differential case marking: a reverse-engineering approach [0.03%]
交际效率与区别性格标记：逆向工程方法
Natalia Levshina
Natalia Levshina
The use of differential case marking of A and P has been explained in terms of efficiency (economy) and markedness. The present study tests predictions based on these accounts, using conditional probabilities of a particular feature given t...