Orthostatic intolerance and neurocognitive impairment in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) [0.03%]
肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征(ME/CFS)的直立不耐受和神经认知障碍
Caroline L Gaglio,Mohammed F Islam,Joseph Cotler et al.
Caroline L Gaglio et al.
Objectives: The Institute of Medicine (IOM 2015. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness. Washington: The National Academies Press) suggested new criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyel...
A guide to value of information methods for prioritising research in health impact modelling [0.03%]
健康影响模型中用于研究优先排序的价值信息方法指南
Christopher Jackson,Robert Johnson,Audrey de Nazelle et al.
Christopher Jackson et al.
Health impact simulation models are used to predict how a proposed policy or scenario will affect population health outcomes. These models represent the typically-complex systems that describe how the scenarios affect exposures to risk fact...
Robust and Flexible Estimation of Stochastic Mediation Effects: A Proposed Method and Example in a Randomized Trial Setting [0.03%]
稳健且灵活的随机中介效应评估方法及试验例
Kara E Rudolph,Oleg Sofrygin,Wenjing Zheng et al.
Kara E Rudolph et al.
Background: Causal mediation analysis can improve understanding of the mechanism s underlying epidemiologic associations. However, the utility of natural direct and indirect effect estimation has been limited by the assum...
Emily J Huang,Ravi Varadhan,Michelle C Carlson
Emily J Huang
In studies of clinical phenotypes, such as dementia, disability, and frailty, participants are typically assessed at in-person clinic visits. Thus, the precise time of onset for the phenotype is unknown. The discreteness of the clinic visit...
The use of Logic regression in epidemiologic studies to investigate multiple binary exposures: an example of occupation history and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [0.03%]
逻辑回归在流行病学研究中探讨多个二元暴露的应用——以职业史与肌萎缩侧索硬化为例
Andrea Bellavia,Ran S Rotem,Aisha S Dickerson et al.
Andrea Bellavia et al.
Investigating the joint exposure to several risk factors is becoming a key component of epidemiologic studies. Individuals are exposed to multiple factors, often simultaneously, and evaluating patterns of exposures and high-dimension intera...
The choice of effect measure for binary outcomes: Introducing counterfactual outcome state transition parameters [0.03%]
二分类结局的效应估计指标选择：提出反事实终点状态变迁参数指标
Anders Huitfeldt,Andrew Goldstein,Sonja A Swanson
Anders Huitfeldt
Standard measures of effect, including the risk ratio, the odds ratio, and the risk difference, are associated with a number of well-described shortcomings, and no consensus exists about the conditions under which investigators should choos...
Compartmental Model Diagrams as Causal Representations in Relation to DAGs [0.03%]
隔室模型图作为与DAG相关的因果表示法
S F Ackley,E R Mayeda,L Worden et al.
S F Ackley et al.
Compartmental model diagrams have been used for nearly a century to depict causal relationships in infectious disease epidemiology. Causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have been used more broadly in epidemiology since the 1990s to guide a...
A Bias in the Evaluation of Bias Comparing Randomized Trials with Nonexperimental Studies [0.03%]
关于随机对照试验与非实验性研究比较中偏倚的系统评价中存在的偏倚
Jessica M Franklin,Sara Dejene,Krista F Huybrechts et al.
Jessica M Franklin et al.
In a recent BMJ article, the authors conducted a meta-analysis to compare estimated treatment effects from randomized trials with those derived from observational studies based on routinely collected data (RCD). They calculated a pooled rel...
Evaluating the Impact of a HIV Low-Risk Express Care Task-Shifting Program: A Case Study of the Targeted Learning Roadmap [0.03%]
一种针对HIV低风险患者的快速护理分流计划的影响评估：靶向学习路线图个案研究
Linh Tran,Constantin T Yiannoutsos,Beverly S Musick et al.
Linh Tran et al.
In conducting studies on an exposure of interest, a systematic roadmap should be applied for translating causal questions into statistical analyses and interpreting the results. In this paper we describe an application of one such roadmap a...
Estimating Effects with Rare Outcomes and High Dimensional Covariates: Knowledge is Power [0.03%]
基于稀有结果和高维协变量的估计效应：知识就是力量
Laura Balzer,Jennifer Ahern,Sandro Galea et al.
Laura Balzer et al.
Many of the secondary outcomes in observational studies and randomized trials are rare. Methods for estimating causal effects and associations with rare outcomes, however, are limited, and this represents a missed opportunity for investigat...