On the peculiar morphology and development of the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and hypobranchial muscles in the hagfish [0.03%]
盲鳗副脑神经和分支神经的独特形态及发育与下颌起源的关系研究
Yasuhiro Oisi,Satoko Fujimoto,Kinya G Ota et al.
Yasuhiro Oisi et al.
Introduction: The vertebrate body is characterized by its dual segmental organization: pharyngeal arches in the head and somites in the trunk. Muscular and nervous system morphologies are also organized following these me...
Takahiro Hosokawa,Nahomi Kaiwa,Yu Matsuura et al.
Takahiro Hosokawa et al.
Introduction: Diverse insects and other organisms are associated with microbial symbionts, which often significantly contribute to growth and survival of their hosts and/or drastically affect phenotypes of their hosts in ...
Motoki N Tada,Shigeru Kuratani
Motoki N Tada
The vertebrate spinal accessory nerve (SAN) innervates the cucullaris muscle, the major muscle of the neck, and is recognized as a synapomorphy that defines living jawed vertebrates. Morphologically, the cucullaris muscle exists between the...
Unexpected link between polyketide synthase and calcium carbonate biomineralization [0.03%]
聚酮合成酶与钙碳酸盐生物矿化之间意外的联系
Motoki Hojo,Ai Omi,Gen Hamanaka et al.
Motoki Hojo et al.
Introduction: Calcium carbonate biominerals participate in diverse physiological functions. Despite intensive studies, little is known about how mineralization is initiated in organisms. ...
Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and development [0.03%]
脊椎动物骨骼的进化：形态学、胚胎学和发育方向研究进展
Tatsuya Hirasawa,Shigeru Kuratani
Tatsuya Hirasawa
Two major skeletal systems-the endoskeleton and exoskeleton-are recognized in vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by their relative positions, not by differences in embryonic histogenesi...
Peter W H Holland
Peter W H Holland
The Cambrian explosion describes an apparently rapid increase in the diversity of bilaterian animals around 540-515 million years ago. Bilaterian animals explore the world in three-dimensions deploying forward-facing sense organs, a brain, ...