Evolutionary Science as a Method to Facilitate Higher Level Thinking and Reasoning in Medical Training [0.03%]
进化科学在医学培训中促进高层次思维和推理的一种方法学地位
Joseph L Graves Jr,Chris Reiber,Anna Thanukos et al.
Joseph L Graves Jr et al.
Evolutionary science is indispensable for understanding biological processes. Effective medical treatment must be anchored in sound biology. However, currently the insights available from evolutionary science are not adequately incorporated...
Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in evolutionary perspective: a critical role for helminths? [0.03%]
从进化角度看待心血管疾病和二型糖尿病：弓形虫寄生虫扮演了一个关键角色？
Michael D Gurven,Benjamin C Trumble,Jonathan Stieglitz et al.
Michael D Gurven et al.
Heart disease and type 2 diabetes are commonly believed to be rare among contemporary subsistence-level human populations, and by extension prehistoric populations. Although some caveats remain, evidence shows these diseases to be unusual a...
Christine E Campbell,Beverly I Strassmann
Christine E Campbell
Background and objectives: Non-communicable diseases may reflect an evolutionary mismatch between our human ancestry and modern environments. To explore the mismatch hypothesis for Acne vulgaris, we studied the prevalence...
Opposite differential risks for autism and schizophrenia based on maternal age, paternal age, and parental age differences [0.03%]
基于母亲年龄、父亲年龄和父母年龄差的自闭症和精神分裂症相反的差异风险
Sean G Byars,Jacobus J Boomsma
Sean G Byars
Background and objectives: Effects of maternal and paternal age on offspring autism and schizophrenia risks have been studied for over three decades, but inconsistent risks have often been found, precluding well-informed ...
Alexander Q Vining,Charles L Nunn
Alexander Q Vining
Background and objectives: Research in evolutionary medicine provides many examples of how evolution has shaped human susceptibility to disease. Traits undergoing rapid evolutionary change may result in associated costs o...
Interactions between immune challenges and cancer cells proliferation: timing does matter! [0.03%]
免疫挑战与癌细胞增殖之间的相互作用：时机很重要！
Camille Jacqueline,Youssef Bourfia,Hassan Hbid et al.
Camille Jacqueline et al.
The immune system is a key component of malignant cell control and it is also involved in the elimination of pathogens that threaten the host. Despite our body is permanently exposed to a myriad of pathogens, the interference of such infect...
Adaptive behavior can produce maladaptive anxiety due to individual differences in experience [0.03%]
个体经验差异导致适应性行为产生不适应的焦虑反应
Frazer Meacham,Carl T Bergstrom
Frazer Meacham
Normal anxiety is considered an adaptive response to the possible presence of danger, but is susceptible to dysregulation. Anxiety disorders are prevalent at high frequency in contemporary human societies, yet impose substantial disability ...
Early developmental exposures shape trade-offs between acquired and innate immunity in humans [0.03%]
早期发育暴露决定了人类获得性免疫和先天性免疫间的权衡取舍
Alexander V Georgiev,Christopher W Kuzawa,Thomas W McDade
Alexander V Georgiev
Background and objectives: Life history theory predicts resource allocation trade-offs between competing functions and processes. We test the hypothesis that relative investment towards innate versus acquired immunity in ...
Meta-analysis of variance: an illustration comparing the effects of two dietary interventions on variability in weight [0.03%]
方差的元分析：比较两种饮食干预对体重变化影响的例子
Alistair M Senior,Alison K Gosby,Jing Lu et al.
Alistair M Senior et al.
Meta-analysis, which drives evidence-based practice, typically focuses on the average response of subjects to a treatment. For instance in nutritional research the difference in average weight of participants on different diets is typically...
Charles L Nunn,David R Samson,Andrew D Krystal
Charles L Nunn
Sleep is essential to cognitive function and health in humans, yet the ultimate reasons for sleep-i.e. 'why' sleep evolved-remain mysterious. We integrate findings from human sleep studies, the ethnographic record, and the ecology and evolu...