Interprofessional pain education: definitions, exemplars and future directions [0.03%]
跨专业疼痛教育：定义、实例和未来方向
Eloise Carr,Judy Watt-Watson
Eloise Carr
1. The management of pain frequently requires healthcare professionals (HCPs) to work together; thus, educational preparation should afford them opportunities to learn about the management of pain together. 2. Survey data suggest that most ...
Benjamin Ellis,Martin Johnson,Ann Taylor
Benjamin Ellis
1. The majority of people living with persistent pain will receive treatment for the pain from non-specialists in pain management who may not have received the necessary training to deliver high-quality care. 2. There is now a wide range of...
Emma Briggs
Emma Briggs
Felicia Cox
Felicia Cox
Douglas Natusch
Douglas Natusch
Roman D Jovey
Roman D Jovey
1. Addiction can occur with the repeated exposure of a biogenetically predisposed person to an addictive substance or behaviour. 2. In the patient with pain on opioid therapy, use the '4 Cs' to diagnose addiction. 3. Screening and risk stra...
Neuraxial (epidural and intrathecal) opioids for intractable pain [0.03%]
神经轴给药（硬膜外和蛛网膜下腔）阿片类药物治疗顽固性疼痛
Paul Farquhar-Smith,Suzanne Chapman
Paul Farquhar-Smith
1. Neuraxial opioids are considered for use in patients who have resistant intractable pain that fails to respond to other treatment options or pain that responds to analgesia but for which the doses required result in unacceptable side-eff...
Oliver Seyfried,Joan Hester
Oliver Seyfried
The endocrine effects of opioids used for the management of persistent pain are poorly understood by clinicians and patients, and hormone levels are rarely measured. It is recognized that opioids exert this effect via the hypothalamic-pitui...
Hasan Pathan,John Williams
Hasan Pathan
Opioids are a group of analgesic agents commonly used in clinical practice. There are three classical opioid receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP), while the novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. O...