Chris I De Zeeuw,Michiel M Ten Brinke
Chris I De Zeeuw
Although our ability to store semantic declarative information can nowadays be readily surpassed by that of simple personal computers, our ability to learn and express procedural memories still outperforms that of supercomputers controlling...
Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis and Plasticity by (Early) Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Inflammation [0.03%]
应激、糖皮质激素和炎症对成人神经发生及可塑性的调节作用
Paul J Lucassen,Charlotte A Oomen,Eva F G Naninck et al.
Paul J Lucassen et al.
Exposure to stress is one of the best-known negative regulators of adult neurogenesis (AN). We discuss changes in neurogenesis in relation to exposure to stress, glucocorticoid hormones, and inflammation, with a particular focus on early de...
Gerd Kempermann,Hongjun Song,Fred H Gage
Gerd Kempermann
Of the neurogenic zones in the adult brain, adult hippocampal neurogenesis attracts the most attention, because it is involved in higher cognitive function, most notably memory processes, and certain affective behaviors. Adult hippocampal n...
Mutation--The Engine of Evolution: Studying Mutation and Its Role in the Evolution of Bacteria [0.03%]
mutation——进化引擎：探讨突变及其在细菌进化中的作用
Ruth Hershberg
Ruth Hershberg
Mutation is the engine of evolution in that it generates the genetic variation on which the evolutionary process depends. To understand the evolutionary process we must therefore characterize the rates and patterns of mutation. Starting wit...
Cell Division Modes and Cleavage Planes of Neural Progenitors during Mammalian Cortical Development [0.03%]
哺乳动物皮层发育过程中神经祖细胞的分裂模式和裂隙平面
Fumio Matsuzaki,Atsunori Shitamukai
Fumio Matsuzaki
During mammalian brain development, neural progenitor cells undergo symmetric proliferative divisions followed by asymmetric neurogenic divisions. The division mode of these self-renewing progenitors, together with the cell fate of their pr...
Timothy J Mitchison,Keisuke Ishihara,Phuong Nguyen et al.
Timothy J Mitchison et al.
The first 12 cleavage divisions in Xenopus embryos provide a natural experiment in size scaling, as cell radius decreases ∼16-fold with little change in biochemistry. Analyzing both natural cleavage and egg extract partitioned into droplet...
Laura Boulan,Marco Milán,Pierre Léopold
Laura Boulan
Growth is a complex process that is intimately linked to the developmental program to form adults with proper size and proportions. Genetics is an important determinant of growth, as exemplified by the role of local diffusible molecules set...
The Influence of Genome and Cell Size on Brain Morphology in Amphibians [0.03%]
amphibian基因和细胞大小对两栖动物脑形态的影响
Gerhard Roth,Wolfgang Walkowiak
Gerhard Roth
In amphibians, nerve cell size is highly correlated with genome size, and increases in genome and cell size cause a retardation of the rate of development of nervous (as well as nonnervous) tissue leading to secondary simplification. This y...
Daniel L Levy,Rebecca Heald
Daniel L Levy
Size is a primary feature of biological systems that varies at many levels, from the organism to its constituent cells and subcellular structures. Amphibians populate some of the extremes in biological size and have provided insight into sc...
Loïc LeGoff,Thomas Lecuit
Loïc LeGoff
Mechanical forces shape biological tissues. They are the effectors of the developmental programs that orchestrate morphogenesis. A lot of effort has been devoted to understanding morphogenetic processes in mechanical terms. In this review, ...