David N Kearns
David N Kearns
This article reviews studies investigating the effect of economy type on reinforcer value. In a closed economy, consumption of the reinforcer depends entirely on the subject's behavior, whereas in an open economy it does not, due, for examp...
Do dogs experience frustration? New contributions on successive negative contrast in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) [0.03%]
犬会感到沮丧吗？ Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) 连续负强化的新贡献
V Dzik,C Cavalli,M Iglesias et al.
V Dzik et al.
An unexpected change in reward quantity or quality frequently elicits a sharp decrease of responses as well as a negative emotional state. This phenomenon is called successive negative contrast (SNC) and, although it has been observed in nu...
Mª Del Carmen Sanjuan,J B Nelson
Mª Del Carmen Sanjuan
Exposure to a to-be-tested stimulus produces a reduction in generalization to that stimulus from another similar conditioned stimulus (e.g. Bennett et al., 1994; Symonds and Hall, 1997). Generally, this effect has been interpreted as the re...
Progression and stop organization reveals conservation of movement organization during dark exploration across rats and mice [0.03%]
小鼠和大鼠黑暗探索期间运动模式的保守性
T N Donaldson,K T Jennings,L A Cherep et al.
T N Donaldson et al.
Spatial orientation is a ubiquitous feature of animal behavior. Environmental and self-movement cues are sources of information used to maintain spatial orientation. The literature has typically focused on differences between mice and rats ...
Peter R Killeen
Peter R Killeen
One of the most notable aspects of the behavior of individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is increased variability in many aspects of their behavior, including response times and attentional focus. Among the many t...
Consistent meal times improve performance on a daily time-place learning task [0.03%]
一致的用餐时间可以改善日常定时任务的表现
Kayla Wall,Leanna M Lewis,Scott H Deibel et al.
Kayla Wall et al.
The ability of an animal to learn the spatiotemporal variability of stimuli is known as time-place learning (TPL). The present study investigated the role of the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) in TPL. Rats were trained in an operant cond...
Sergio M Pellis,Vivien C Pellis,Amanda Pelletier et al.
Sergio M Pellis et al.
Given that many behavior patterns cluster together in sequences that are organized to solve specific problems (e.g., foraging), a fruitful perspective within which to study behaviors is as distinct 'behavior systems'. Unlike many behavior s...
Courtship behavior and coloration influence conspicuousness of wolf spiders (Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz)) to avian predators [0.03%]
求偶行为和颜色影响狼蛛(Schizocosa ocreata)对鸟类捕食者的易察觉性
Tricia L Rubi,David L Clark,Jonathan S Keller et al.
Tricia L Rubi et al.
Signalers must balance the benefits of detection by intended receivers with the costs of detection by eavesdroppers. This trade-off is exemplified by sexual signaling systems, in which signalers experience sexual selection for conspicuousne...
Costly curiosity: People pay a price to resolve an uncertain gamble early [0.03%]
代价的好奇心：人们付出一定的代价来提前解决一个不确定的赌注
J A Max Rodriguez Cabrero,Jian-Qiao Zhu,Elliot A Ludvig
J A Max Rodriguez Cabrero
Humans are inherently curious creatures, continuously seeking out information about future outcomes. Such advance information is often valuable, potentially allowing people to select better courses of action. In non-human animals, this driv...
Comparative inspiration: From puzzles with pigeons to novel discoveries with humans in risky choice [0.03%]
从鸽子解谜到人类冒险决策的创新灵感比较研究
Christopher R Madan,Elliot A Ludvig,Marcia L Spetch
Christopher R Madan
Both humans and non-human animals regularly encounter decisions involving risk and uncertainty. This paper provides an overview of our research program examining risky decisions in which the odds and outcomes are learned through experience ...