Jaime Calvo-Alén
Jaime Calvo-Alén
The use of opioids for benign disorders has been limited by concerns about these compounds' potential adverse events and their possible misuse. However, during the last few years an increased use in nonmalignant disorders, including rheumat...
Managing Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis with Exercise: What is the Best Prescription? [0.03%]
运动管理膝骨关节炎的最佳处方是什么？
Maura Daly Iversen
Maura Daly Iversen
Hip and knee osteoarthritis are common, chronic, and disabling. Therapeutic exercise is a component of all major rheumatologic society guidelines, yet the frequency, dose, duration, and therapeutic threshold for exercise are not clearly del...
Apremilast: a novel PDE4 inhibitor in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases [0.03%]
阿普利玛司：一种治疗自身免疫性及炎症性疾病的新PDE4抑制剂
Georg Schett,Victor S Sloan,Randall M Stevens et al.
Georg Schett et al.
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key enzyme in the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and is centrally involved in the cytokine production of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, and the functional properties of other cell types such...
The role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors (statins) in modern rheumatology [0.03%]
羟基-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶a还原酶抑制剂（他汀类药物）在现代风湿病学中的作用
Przemyslaw Kotyla
Przemyslaw Kotyla
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase commonly known as statins are widely used for treating hypercholesterolemia. However, there is much evidence to suggest that statins may have other properties in additi...
The role of interleukin 6 in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis [0.03%]
白细胞介素6在类风湿关节炎病理生理中的作用
Srinivasan Srirangan,Ernest H Choy
Srinivasan Srirangan
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is found in abundance in the synovial fluid and serum of patients with RA and the level correlates with the disease a...
Mikkel Ostergaard,Robert G W Lambert
Mikkel Ostergaard
Imaging is an integral part of the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. Characteristic radiographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are key in the diagnosis. Radiography and MRI ar...
Shea Carter,Kirsten Braem,Rik J Lories
Shea Carter
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the best-known form of spondyloarthritis (SpA), is a remodelling arthritis characterized by chronic inflammation and bone formation. Ankylosis of the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints leads to an impairment o...
The epidemiology of osteoporosis and fractures in ankylosing spondylitis [0.03%]
强直性脊柱炎的骨质疏松和骨折的流行病学特点研究
Philip N Sambrook,Piet Geusens
Philip N Sambrook
Bone is a target in many inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Inflammation leads to a wide range of changes in bone, and especially bone remodeling. In ankylosing spondylitis (AS) bone loss has been documented, but measuring bone density in the...
Chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and articular cartilage metabolism in health and osteoarthritis [0.03%]
软骨生成、软骨细胞分化及关节软骨在健康和骨关节炎中的代谢
Mary B Goldring
Mary B Goldring
Chondrogenesis occurs as a result of mesenchymal cell condensation and chondroprogenitor cell differentiation. Following chondrogenesis, the chondrocytes remain as resting cells to form the articular cartilage or undergo proliferation, term...
Tuhina Neogi
Tuhina Neogi
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is now understood to involve all joint tissues, with active anabolic and catabolic processes. Knee OA in particular is considered to be a largely mechanically-driven disease. As bone a...