Rheumatological mimic: primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy initially treated as juvenile idiopathic arthritis [0.03%]
风湿病的假象：最初被误诊为幼年特发性关节炎的原发性肥大性骨关节病
Renu Kumawat,Sundeep K Upadhyaya,Disha Arora
Renu Kumawat
Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare genetic disorder that closely mimics inflammatory arthritis, leading to diagnostic delays and inappropriate treatment. We report the case of an adolescent boy who presented with a 2-year...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e272425. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2026-272425 2026
Anoushka Chandra,Manoj Gowda,Chakri Munipalle et al.
Anoushka Chandra et al.
Purtscher's-like retinopathy is a rare occlusive microvasculopathy occurring in the absence of trauma, recognised as a complication of systemic conditions including acute pancreatitis.We present the case of a woman in her 40s admitted with ...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e274967. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2026-274967 2026
Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumour in an immunosuppressed patient: a rare clinical scenario [0.03%]
免疫抑制患者罕见的临床案例：与Epstein-Barr病毒相关的平滑肌肿瘤
Hena Khandakar,Sameer Rastogi,Yamini Dharmashaktu et al.
Hena Khandakar et al.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumours (EBV-SMTs) are rare neoplasms typically affecting immunosuppressed individuals such as organ transplant recipients. This case follows a woman in her 30s who presented with multi-organ mass...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e265938. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-265938 2026
Diagnostic challenge of human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease in a patient living with HIV disease [0.03%]
与人类疱疹病毒8有关的多中心卡斯特利曼病在HIV患者中的诊断难题
Sasiwan Atithammarak,Gompol Suwanpimolkul
Sasiwan Atithammarak
A man in his early 30s presented with a 4-month history of low-grade fever and chronic dry cough. Three months before admission, he developed persistent low-grade fever, rash and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. He was diagnosed with HIV...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e274654. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2026-274654 2026
Sagar Poudel,Siddharth Jain,Mehar Chand Sharma et al.
Sagar Poudel et al.
Dermatomyositis (DM) and hypothyroid myopathy are both treatable causes of muscle weakness and can present with overlapping clinical and laboratory features, posing a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a young male who presented wi...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e271331. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-271331 2026
Survival following twin-to-twin exsanguination in monoamniotic twins: management with peritoneal dialysis [0.03%]
单羊水囊双胎间因胎儿出血导致的胎儿死亡：腹膜透析治疗方案及其后生存状况
Boon Siew Ooi,Siew Le Chong,Celeste Jia Ying Yap et al.
Boon Siew Ooi et al.
Monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancies carry substantial perinatal risk, with co-twin demise potentially causing acute twin-to-twin exsanguination in the survivor. Resultant profound anaemia and cardiovascular compromise may lead to se...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e272248. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2026-272248 2026
Rasmus Møller Duus,Mathias Rathe,Line Raaby et al.
Rasmus Møller Duus et al.
This case report and literature review of previously published cases describe the rare complication of cerebral aspergillosis in paediatric neuro-oncology patients. A boy in early childhood with high-risk medulloblastoma developed recurrent...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 5;19(8):e269342. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-269342 2026
Delayed diagnosis of primary cutaneous histoplasmosis in a patient receiving tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy [0.03%]
肿瘤坏死因子α抑制剂治疗患者的原发性皮肤组织胞浆菌病的延迟诊断
Harika Kalangi,Shivesh K Goyal,Hind El Soufi
Harika Kalangi
Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis (PCH) is a rare fungal infection, often misdiagnosed due to its polymorphic skin manifestations. We describe a woman in her 60s with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab and long-term prednisone who pre...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 4;19(8):e273695. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2026-273695 2026
Atypical orbital metastasis from invasive lobular breast carcinoma masquerading as a hordeolum [0.03%]
以麦粒肿形式出现的侵袭性小叶乳腺癌不典型转移至眶内
Anusha Mamidipaka,Cesar Briceño,Vivian Lee
Anusha Mamidipaka
Metastatic spread of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) to the eyelid is exceedingly rare and may masquerade as benign disease. We describe a woman in her 60s with a history of multifocal, estrogen receptor-positive ILC who presented with pro...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 4;19(8):e270174. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-270174 2026
High-riding brachiocephalic artery presenting as a pulsatile anterior neck mass [0.03%]
高骑型无名动脉致前颈部搏动性肿物
Fidel Rampersad,Jason Diljohn,Nicolette Cassim et al.
Fidel Rampersad et al.
Anterior neck swellings are commonly due to an enlarged thyroid gland, thyroglossal cyst or lymphadenopathy. Vascular causes are unusual and have a prevalence of about 4.5%.Herein, we present the case of a high-riding brachiocephalic artery...
Case Reports
BMJ case reports. 2026 Aug 4;19(8):e269824. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-269824 2026