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The Research Briefing is a new format for communicating research papers to our readers. Keywords: Earth and ...
Lower oceanic crust formed by in situ melt crystallisation revealed by seismic layering [0.03%]
由原位熔体结晶形成的下部大洋地壳的地震分层特征
Peng Guo,Satish C Singh,Venkata A Vaddineni et al.
Peng Guo et al.
Oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean spreading centres through a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes, with the magmatic processes creating two distinct layers: the upper and the lower crust. While the upper crust is known to form fro...
Permafrost cooled in winter by thermal bridging through snow-covered shrub branches [0.03%]
冬季永久冻土通过积雪覆盖的灌木树枝热桥冷却
Florent Domine,Kévin Fourteau,Ghislain Picard et al.
Florent Domine et al.
Considerable expansion of shrubs across the Arctic tundra has been observed in recent decades. These shrubs are thought to have a warming effect on permafrost by increasing snowpack thermal insulation, thereby limiting winter cooling and ac...
Dominik L Schumacher,Jessica Keune,Paul Dirmeyer et al.
Dominik L Schumacher et al.
Reduced evaporation due to dry soils can affect the land surface energy balance, with implications for local and downwind precipitation. When evaporation is constrained by soil moisture, the atmospheric supply of water is depleted, and this...
Equal abundance of summertime natural and wintertime anthropogenic Arctic organic aerosols [0.03%]
夏季自然的和冬季人工的北极有机气溶胶的等量丰度
Vaios Moschos,Katja Dzepina,Deepika Bhattu et al.
Vaios Moschos et al.
Aerosols play an important yet uncertain role in modulating the radiation balance of the sensitive Arctic atmosphere. Organic aerosol is one of the most abundant, yet least understood, fractions of the Arctic aerosol mass. Here we use data ...
Kimberly A Novick,Darren L Ficklin,Dennis Baldocchi et al.
Kimberly A Novick et al.
Water potential directly controls the function of leaves, roots, and microbes, and gradients in water potential drive water flows throughout the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Notwithstanding its clear relevance for many ecosystem process...
Thomas J Immel,Brian J Harding,Roderick A Heelis et al.
Thomas J Immel et al.
Earth's equatorial ionosphere exhibits substantial and unpredictable day-to-day variations in density and morphology. This presents challenges in preparing for adverse impacts on geopositioning systems and radio communications even 24 hours...
Alexandra L Boghosian,Lincoln H Pitcher,Laurence C Smith et al.
Alexandra L Boghosian et al.
As the global climate warms, increased surface meltwater production on ice shelves may trigger ice-shelf collapse and enhance global sea-level rise. The formation of surface rivers could help prevent ice-shelf collapse if they can efficient...
Geomorphological evidence for a dry dust avalanche origin of slope streaks on Mars [0.03%]
火星地貌证据表明斜坡条带由干燥的尘流作用形成
Colin M Dundas
Colin M Dundas
Mars has several different types of slope feature that resemble aqueous flows. However, current cold, dry conditions are inimical to liquid water, resulting in uncertainty about its role in modern surface processes. Dark slope streaks were ...
Rates of protoplanetary accretion and differentiation set nitrogen budget of rocky planets [0.03%]
岩质行星的氮预算由原行星吸积和分化速率决定
Damanveer S Grewal,Rajdeep Dasgupta,Taylor Hough et al.
Damanveer S Grewal et al.
The effect of protoplanetary differentiation on the fate of life-essential volatiles like nitrogen and carbon and its subsequent effect on the dynamics of planetary growth is unknown. Because the dissolution of nitrogen in magma oceans depe...