First 3-D reconstruction of copulation in Lepidoptera: interaction of genitalia in Tortrix viridana (Tortricidae) [0.03%]
鳞翅目交配行为的首次三维重建及其在 Tortrix viridana ( Tortricidae )中的生殖器官互动分析
Boyan Zlatkov,Vladislav Vergilov,José Vicente Pérez Santa-Rita et al.
Boyan Zlatkov et al.
Background: The process of copulation in Lepidoptera is understudied and poorly understood from a functional perspective. The purpose of the present paper is to study the interaction of the male and female genitalia of To...
Proteins from toad's parotoid macroglands: do they play a role in gland functioning and chemical defence? [0.03%]
蟾蜍耳后大毒腺的蛋白质：它们在腺体功能和化学防御中起作用吗？
Krzysztof Kowalski,Paweł Marciniak,Leszek Rychlik
Krzysztof Kowalski
Background: Parotoid gland secretion of bufonid toads is a rich source of toxic molecules that are used against predators, parasites and pathogens. Bufadienolides and biogenic amines are the principal compounds responsibl...
Interactions between carnivore species: limited spatiotemporal partitioning between apex predator and smaller carnivores in a Mediterranean protected area [0.03%]
顶级食肉动物与小型食肉动物在地中海保护区中的时空分割效应有限——物种间相互作用研究
Francesco Ferretti,Raquel Oliveira,Mariana Rossa et al.
Francesco Ferretti et al.
Background: There is need of information on ecological interactions that keystone species such as apex predators establish in ecosystems recently recolonised. Interactions among carnivore species have the potential to inf...
Food availability positively affects the survival and somatic maintenance of hibernating garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) [0.03%]
食物的获取对冬眠麻栖鼠(Eliomys quercinus)生存和躯体维持具有积极作用
Sylvain Giroud,Marie-Therese Ragger,Amélie Baille et al.
Sylvain Giroud et al.
Background: Torpor is an energy saving strategy achieved by substantial reductions of metabolic rate and body temperature that enables animals to survive periods of low resource availability. During hibernation (multiday ...
Southern Europe is becoming climatically favourable for African birds: anticipating the establishment of a new species [0.03%]
南欧气候变得适宜非洲鸟类生存：一种新物种即将建立的预测
Sandro López-Ramírez,Darío Chamorro,Raimundo Real et al.
Sandro López-Ramírez et al.
Background: The current modification of species distribution ranges, as a response to a warmer climate, constitutes an interesting line of work and a recent challenge for biogeography. This study aimed to determine if the...
Hide or die when the winds bring wings: predator avoidance by activity shift in a mountain snake [0.03%]
藏或死：风带来的翅膀——高山蛇类通过调整活动时间避开捕食者
Dávid Radovics,Márton Szabolcs,Szabolcs Lengyel et al.
Dávid Radovics et al.
Background: Understanding predator-prey relationships is fundamental in many areas of ecology and conservation. In reptiles, basking time often increases the risk of predation and one way to minimise this risk is to reduc...
On latches in biological systems: a comparative morphological and functional study of the retinaculum and the dens lock in Collembola [0.03%]
论生物系统中的闩锁：弹尾纲动物系带和齿锁的形态与功能比较研究
Birk Rillich,Fábio G L Oliveira
Birk Rillich
Background: Springtails have the ability to jump using morphological structures consisting of a catapult, the furca, and a latching system constructed with interaction of the retinaculum and the dens lock. The retinaculum...
A methodological exploration to study 2D arm kinematics in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) [0.03%]
一种研究海星纲(Ophiuroidea)(棘皮动物门(Echinodermata))二平面臂运动学的方法探讨
Mona Goharimanesh,Sabine Stöhr,Fereshteh Ghassemzadeh et al.
Mona Goharimanesh et al.
Brittle stars, unlike most other echinoderms, do not use their small tube feet for locomotion but instead use their flexible arms to produce a rowing or reverse rowing movement. They are among the fastest-moving echinoderms with the ability...
Appearance of a transparent protrusion containing two pairs of legs on the apodous ring preceding the anamorphic molt in a millipede, Niponia nodulosa [0.03%]
无足环先头溞节耳心虫niponia nodulosa(anactinophori:nemnotremata)变态蜕皮前出现的双透明突起及其附肢对的观察
Soma Chiyoda,Kohei Oguchi,Toru Miura
Soma Chiyoda
Background: Arthropods gradually change their forms through repeated molting events during postembryonic development. Anamorphosis, i.e., segment addition during postembryonic development, is seen in some arthropod lineag...
Offspring thermal demands and parental brooding efficiency differ for precocial birds living in contrasting climates [0.03%]
后代热需求及亲鸟孵卵效率在生境差异明显的早成鸟之间有所不同
Veronika Kolešková,Miroslav E Šálek,Kateřina Brynychová et al.
Veronika Kolešková et al.
Background: Chicks of precocial birds hatch well-developed and can search actively for food but their homeothermy develops gradually during growth. This makes them dependent on heat provided by parents ("brooding"), which...