An introduction to instrumental variable assumptions, validation and estimation [0.03%]
关于工具变量假设、验证与估计的介绍
Mette Lise Lousdal
Mette Lise Lousdal
The instrumental variable method has been employed within economics to infer causality in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Emphasising the parallels to randomisation may increase understanding of the underlying assumptions within epi...
Multiple imputation using linked proxy outcome data resulted in important bias reduction and efficiency gains: a simulation study [0.03%]
使用链接代理结果数据的多重插补显著减少了偏差并提高了效率：一项模拟研究
R P Cornish,J Macleod,J R Carpenter et al.
R P Cornish et al.
Background: When an outcome variable is missing not at random (MNAR: probability of missingness depends on outcome values), estimates of the effect of an exposure on this outcome are often biased. We investigated the exte...
Flexible semiparametric joint modeling: an application to estimate individual lung function decline and risk of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis [0.03%]
灵活的半参数联合建模：在囊性纤维化中的应用估计个体肺功能下降和肺部恶化的风险
Dan Li,Ruth Keogh,John P Clancy et al.
Dan Li et al.
Background: Epidemiologic surveillance of lung function is key to clinical care of individuals with cystic fibrosis, but lung function decline is nonlinear and often impacted by acute respiratory events known as pulmonary...
Spatial analysis of cluster randomised trials: a systematic review of analysis methods [0.03%]
群随机试验空间分析系统性评价：各种分析方法的比较研究
Christopher Jarvis,Gian Luca Di Tanna,Daniel Lewis et al.
Christopher Jarvis et al.
Background: Cluster randomised trials (CRTs) often use geographical areas as the unit of randomisation, however explicit consideration of the location and spatial distribution of observations is rare. In many trials, the ...
Ashwini Venkatasubramaniam,Julian Wolfson,Nathan Mitchell et al.
Ashwini Venkatasubramaniam et al.
Background: In many studies, it is of interest to identify population subgroups that are relatively homogeneous with respect to an outcome. The nature of these subgroups can provide insight into effect mechanisms and sugg...
Challenges in modeling complexity of neglected tropical diseases: a review of dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in resource limited settings [0.03%]
被忽视的热带疾病复杂性建模的挑战——资源匮乏条件下的内脏利什曼病动态综述
Swati DebRoy,Olivia Prosper,Austin Mishoe et al.
Swati DebRoy et al.
Objectives: Neglected tropical diseases (NTD), account for a large proportion of the global disease burden, and their control faces several challenges including diminishing human and financial resources for those distress...
Randomised and non-randomised studies to estimate the effect of community-level public health interventions: definitions and methodological considerations [0.03%]
社区公共健康干预效果估计的随机和非随机研究的设计与方法学问题：定义及方法学考虑因素
Wolf-Peter Schmidt
Wolf-Peter Schmidt
Background: The preferred method to evaluate public health interventions delivered at the level of whole communities is the cluster randomised trial (CRT). The practical limitations of CRTs and the need for alternative me...
Cattram D Nguyen,John B Carlin,Katherine J Lee
Cattram D Nguyen
Background: Multiple imputation has become very popular as a general-purpose method for handling missing data. The validity of multiple-imputation-based analyses relies on the use of an appropriate model to impute the mis...
Causality in cancer research: a journey through models in molecular epidemiology and their philosophical interpretation [0.03%]
癌症研究中的因果关系：分子流行病学模型及其哲学解读的探索之旅
Paolo Vineis,Phyllis Illari,Federica Russo
Paolo Vineis
In the last decades, Systems Biology (including cancer research) has been driven by technology, statistical modelling and bioinformatics. In this paper we try to bring biological and philosophical thinking back. We thus aim at making differ...
On hazard ratio estimators by proportional hazards models in matched-pair cohort studies [0.03%]
配对队列研究中比例风险模型的危险率估计量
Tomohiro Shinozaki,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Yutaka Matsuyama
Tomohiro Shinozaki
Background: In matched-pair cohort studies with censored events, the hazard ratio (HR) may be of main interest. However, it is lesser known in epidemiologic literature that the partial maximum likelihood estimator of a co...