Sampling strategies to measure the prevalence of common recurrent infections in longitudinal studies [0.03%]
纵向研究中测量常见反复感染流行率的取样策略
Wolf-Peter Schmidt,Bernd Genser,Mauricio L Barreto et al.
Wolf-Peter Schmidt et al.
Background: Measuring recurrent infections such as diarrhoea or respiratory infections in epidemiological studies is a methodological challenge. Problems in measuring the incidence of recurrent infections include the epis...
Challenges in measuring measles case fatality ratios in settings without vital registration [0.03%]
无生命登记情况下测量麻疹病例死亡率面临的挑战
K Lisa Cairns,Robin Nandy,Rebecca F Grais
K Lisa Cairns
Measles, a highly infectious vaccine-preventable viral disease, is potentially fatal. Historically, measles case-fatality ratios (CFRs) have been reported to vary from 0.1% in the developed world to as high as 30% in emergency settings. Est...
Bayes-LQAS: classifying the prevalence of global acute malnutrition [0.03%]
基于Bayes-LQAS的全球急性营养不良患病率分类方法研究
Casey Olives,Marcello Pagano
Casey Olives
Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) applications in health have generally relied on frequentist interpretations for statistical validity. Yet health professionals often seek statements about the probability distribution of unknown paramet...
Karin J Velthove,Hubert Gm Leufkens,Patrick C Souverein et al.
Karin J Velthove et al.
Background: Laboratory testing in clinical practice is never a random process. In this study we evaluated testing bias for neutrophil counts in clinical practice by using results from requested and non-requested hematolog...
Propensity scores in the presence of effect modification: A case study using the comparison of mortality on hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis [0.03%]
存在效应修饰情况下的倾向性评分：以腹膜透析与血液透析的死亡率比较为例的研究
Ylian S Liem,John B Wong,Mg Myriam Hunink et al.
Ylian S Liem et al.
Purpose: To control for confounding bias from non-random treatment assignment in observational data, both traditional multivariable models and more recently propensity score approaches have been applied. Our aim was to co...
Seven mistakes and potential solutions in epidemiology, including a call for a World Council of Epidemiology and Causality [0.03%]
流行病学中的七个错误及潜在的解决方案包括建立世界流行病学和因果关系理事会的呼吁
Raj Bhopal
Raj Bhopal
All sciences make mistakes, and epidemiology is no exception. I have chosen 7 illustrative mistakes and derived 7 solutions to avoid them. The mistakes (Roman numerals denoting solutions) are: 1. Failing to provide the context and definitio...
Efficacy dilution in randomized placebo-controlled vaginal microbicide trials [0.03%]
随机对照阴道微生态调节剂试验中的疗效稀释问题
Benoît R Mâsse,Marie-Claude Boily,Dobromir Dimitrov et al.
Benoît R Mâsse et al.
Background: To date different vaginal gel microbicides have been evaluated in phase 2b/3 trials, but none have demonstrated effectiveness for preventing HIV infection. Failure to demonstrate effectiveness however does not...
Assessment of methods for prediction of human West Nile virus (WNV) disease from WNV-infected dead birds [0.03%]
评估用于预测人类西尼罗河病毒(WNV)疾病的WNV感染死鸟方法的效果
Anna Veksler,Millicent Eidson,Igor Zurbenko
Anna Veksler
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is currently the leading cause of arboviral-associated encephalitis in the U.S., and can lead to long-term neurologic sequelae. Improvements in dead bird specimen processing time, includi...
Can we apply the Mendelian randomization methodology without considering epigenetic effects? [0.03%]
不考虑表观遗传效应能否进行孟德尔随机化分析？
Ikechukwu U Ogbuanu,Hongmei Zhang,Wilfried Karmaus
Ikechukwu U Ogbuanu
Introduction: Instrumental variable (IV) methods have been used in econometrics for several decades now, but have only recently been introduced into the epidemiologic research frameworks. Similarly, Mendelian randomizatio...
Methodological issues in estimating survival in patients with multiple primary cancers: an application to women with breast cancer as a first tumour [0.03%]
多原发癌患者生存估计中的方法学问题及其在女性乳腺癌首次肿瘤研究中的应用
Stefano Rosso,Fulvio Ricceri,Lea Terracini et al.
Stefano Rosso et al.
Background: Comparing survival of patients with a single tumour and patients with multiple primaries poses different methodological problems. In population based studies, where we cannot rely on detailed clinical informat...