Pattana Jaroenlak,Mahrukh Usmani,Damian C Ekiert et al.
Pattana Jaroenlak et al.
As obligate intracellular parasites with reduced genomes, microsporidia must infect host cells in order to replicate and cause disease. They can initiate infection by utilizing a harpoon-like invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT). T...
Bing Han,Peter M Takvorian,Louis M Weiss
Bing Han
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens that were initially identified about 160 years ago. Current phylogenetic analysis suggests that they are grouped with Cryptomycota as a basal branch or sister group to the fungi. Microspori...
Nosema apis and N. ceranae Infection in Honey bees: A Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions in Insects [0.03%]
蜜蜂球囊菌和微孢子虫感染：昆虫宿主病原相互作用的模型
Jonathan W Snow
Jonathan W Snow
There has been increased focus on the role of microbial attack as a potential cause of recent declines in the health of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The Nosema species, N. apis and N. ceranae, are microsporidian parasites that are...
Tian Li,Junhong Wei,Guoqing Pan
Tian Li
The microsporidium Nosema bombycis can infect and transmit both vertically and horizontally in multiple lepidopteran insects including silkworms and crop pests. While there have been several studies on the N. bombycis spore, there have been...
Insights from C. elegans into Microsporidia Biology and Host-Pathogen Relationships [0.03%]
秀丽隐杆线虫揭示微孢子虫生物学和宿主病原关系的新见解
Eillen Tecle,Emily R Troemel
Eillen Tecle
Microsporidia are poorly understood, ubiquitous eukaryotic parasites that are completely dependent on their hosts for replication. With the discovery of microsporidia species naturally infecting the genetically tractable transparent nematod...
Alexandra R Willis,Aaron W Reinke
Alexandra R Willis
Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites that infect an extremely diverse range of animals and protists. In this chapter, we review what is currently known about microsporidia host specificity and what factors in...
Insights into Microsporidia Evolution from Early Diverging Microsporidia [0.03%]
从早期分化出来的微孢子虫探究微孢子虫的进化历程
Daniele Corsaro
Daniele Corsaro
Microsporidia have drastically modified genomes and cytology resulting from their high level of adaptation to intracytoplasmic parasitism. Their origins, which had long remained enigmatic, were placed within the line of Rozella, a primitive...
Bryony A P Williams,Tom A Williams,Jahcub Trew
Bryony A P Williams
The microsporidia are a phylum of intracellular parasites that represent the eukaryotic cell in a state of extreme reduction, with genomes and metabolic capabilities embodying eukaryotic cells in arguably their most streamlined state. Over ...
Nathan Jespersen,Leonardo Monrroy,Jonas Barandun
Nathan Jespersen
Microsporidia represent an evolutionary outlier in the tree of life and occupy the extreme edge of the eukaryotic domain with some of their biological features. Many of these unicellular fungi-like organisms have reduced their genomic conte...
Grazia Graziani,Lucia Lisi,Lucio Tentori et al.
Grazia Graziani et al.
The immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) is a negative regulator of T-cell-mediated immune responses which plays a critical role in suppressing autoimmunity and maintaining immune homeostasis. Beca...