Harold Alderman
Harold Alderman
This paper reviews evidence addressing four questions pertinent to the understanding of the economic returns to investing in nutrition: (a) Where are the promising areas of interface between economics and nutrition? (b) What is the contribu...
Peter T Ellison
Peter T Ellison
Barry Bogin
Barry Bogin
This essay provides a brief history of the etymology and usage of the phrase 'secular change' followed by a description of secular changes in height and relative leg length in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Both positive and negativ...
Emily Oken
Emily Oken
From the mid- to late 20th century, average birthweight increased in many countries, including the United States. However, more recent data now suggest that mean birthweight has begun to decline. The most recent US data indicate that in 200...
Peter D Gluckman,Alan S Beedle,Mark A Hanson et al.
Peter D Gluckman et al.
Evolutionary and life history perspectives allow a fuller understanding of both patterns of growth and development and variations in disease risk. Evolutionary processes act to ensure successful reproduction and not the preservation of heal...
Summary on drivers of growth [0.03%]
增长驱动因素概要
Peter D Gluckman
Peter D Gluckman
Joo-Pin Foo,Christos Mantzoros
Joo-Pin Foo
Growth is effected via a complex interaction of genetic, nutritional, environmental and growth factors. Hormonal factors such as the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system, the human placental lactogen, an...
Irène Netchine,Sylvie Rossignol,Salah Azzi et al.
Irène Netchine et al.
Fetal growth is a complex process involving environmental, epigenetic and genetic factors. Fetal growth restriction is associated with morbidity among small for gestational age (SGA) neonates as well as in children and adults who were forme...
Non-imprinted epigenetics in fetal and postnatal development and growth [0.03%]
非印迹的表观遗传学在胎儿和产后发育及生长中的作用
Keith M Godfrey,Karen A Lillycrop,Graham C Burdge et al.
Keith M Godfrey et al.
Recent evidence demonstrates that the environment in early life can have important effects on fetal and postnatal growth, on development and on risk of developing common non-communicable diseases in later life. In animals, the environment d...
IGF-I in human growth: lessons from defects in the GH-IGF-I axis [0.03%]
生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴缺陷与人类生长的胰岛素样生长因子I的教训
Vivian Hwa,Peng Fang,Michael A Derr et al.
Vivian Hwa et al.
The IGF system plays a critical role in all phases of human growth, including intrauterine, childhood and pubertal. The importance of IGF-I for both in utero as well as postnatal human growth is highlighted by rare human homozygous IGF1 mut...