John S Wilkins
John S Wilkins
Arguments against essentialism in biology rely strongly on a claim that modern biology abandoned Aristotle's notion of a species as a class of necessary and sufficient properties. However, neither his theory of essentialism, nor his logical...
Melanie J Monroe,Folmer Bokma
Melanie J Monroe
The theory of punctuated equilibrium, which proposes that biological species evolve rapidly when they originate rather than gradually over time, has sparked intense debate between palaeontologists and evolutionary biologists about the mode ...
Uexküllian Umwelt as science and as ideology: the light and the dark side of a concept [0.03%]
乌埃克留利安的圈层作为科学和意识形态：一个概念的好坏两侧
Marco Stella,Karel Kleisner
Marco Stella
The concept of Umwelt, in particular the interpretation originally developed by Jakob von Uexküll, played an important role in the development of biological thought of the first half of the twentieth century. The theory of Umwelt (Umweltle...
Pattern, process and the evolution of meaning: species and units of selection [0.03%]
模式、过程与意义的演化：选择单位与物种理论
André Levy
André Levy
Many of the fundamental concepts of biology lack consensual, precise definitions. Partly, this is due to a contrast between our discrete language and the continuous character of nature. Some debates over these concepts are confounded by the...
Ian Tattersall
Ian Tattersall
Human beings are distinguished from all other organisms by their symbolic way of processing information about the world. This unique cognitive style is qualitatively different from all the earlier hominid cognitive styles, and is not simply...
Fire regime: history and definition of a key concept in disturbance ecology [0.03%]
火环境：干扰生态学中的一个关键概念“火制”的历史与定义
Patrik Krebs,Gianni B Pezzatti,Stefano Mazzoleni et al.
Patrik Krebs et al.
"Fire regime" has become, in recent decades, a key concept in many scientific domains. In spite of its wide spread use, the concept still lacks a clear and wide established definition. Many believe that it was first discussed in a famous re...
Margarida Matos
Margarida Matos
In 2009 we celebrate Charles Darwin's second centenary, and 150 years since the publication of 'The Origin of Species'. After so many years, what has changed in the way we understand Evolution? Obviously we have now a full understanding of ...
Evolutionary epistemology as a scientific method: a new look upon the units and levels of evolution debate [0.03%]
作为科学方法的进化认识论——对进化单位和层次之争的新视角
Nathalie Gontier
Nathalie Gontier
Evolutionary epistemology can provide a unified scientific methodology that enables scholars to study the evolution of life as well as the evolution of cognition, science, culture and any other phenomenon displayed by living organisms. In t...
Punctuated equilibrium and species selection: what does it mean for one theory to suggest another? [0.03%]
punctuated平衡与物种选择：一个理论提出另一个理论意味着什么？
Derek Turner
Derek Turner
McMullin (In: Cohen et al. (eds.) Essays in memory of Imre Lakatos, 1976, In: Leplin (ed.) Scientific realism, 1984) argues that fertility is a theoretical virtue. He thinks of a fertile theory as one whose central metaphors suggest new dir...
New insights into molecular evolution: prospects from the Barcode of Life Initiative (BOLI) [0.03%]
生命条形码计划(BLI)在分子进化研究中的前景和作用
Filipe O Costa,Gary R Carvalho
Filipe O Costa
Geographic and temporal patterns of morphological and behavioral diversifications among species stimulated Darwin to propose a mechanism for evolutionary change through natural selection. Scientific developments have revealed an even more f...