Adrenal Emergencies [0.03%]
肾上腺急症
Rachel E Bridwell,Michael D April
Rachel E Bridwell
The adrenal glands drive physiologic homeostasis, with dysregulation in any direction causing multisystem dysfunction. Adrenal excess states include hyperaldosteronism which manifests with refractory hypertension and electrolyte abnormaliti...
Spencer S Lovegrove,Sarah B Dubbs
Spencer S Lovegrove
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is an underrecognized diabetic emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Many features of HHS overlap with those of diabetic ketoacidosis but key differentiators for HHS are serum osmolality greater...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis [0.03%]
糖尿病酮症酸中毒
Bobbi-Jo Lowie,Michael C Bond
Bobbi-Jo Lowie
This article reviews the most current literature on diabetic ketoacidosis, including how to make the diagnosis and management. It discusses euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and the risk factors for this rare but dangerous disease process. P...
Pituitary Disorders [0.03%]
垂体疾病
Nicholas A Tritos
Nicholas A Tritos
Nidan Qiao
Nidan Qiao
Artificial intelligence has shown great promise in clinical research for pituitary diseases, aiding in differential diagnosis, tumor subtype prediction, invasion assessment, surgical outcomes, complication forecasting, and providing intraop...
Simon Gritsch,Priscilla K Brastianos
Simon Gritsch
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare brain tumors, categorized into 2 distinct types: adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACs) and papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCs). Their proximity to critical brain structures and high recurrence rates pose...
Andrea Corsello,Rosa Maria Paragliola,Francesco Torino et al.
Andrea Corsello et al.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer therapy. They boost the immune system's ability to destroy cancer cells but lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICIs-related hypophysitis (IRH) is one of the most sign...
Kevin C J Yuen,Margaret C S Boguszewski
Kevin C J Yuen
Once-weekly long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) preparations have demonstrated noninferiority compared to daily recombinant human growth hormone in terms of increased growth velocity and improved body composition with comparable short-term sa...
Pediatric Pituitary Disorders [0.03%]
儿科垂体疾病
Brenda Kohn,Evan Lieberman
Brenda Kohn
This article focuses on pediatric pituitary disorders with emphasis on common pituitary disorders that warrant early recognition and intervention. Advances in genetics and in the molecular pathways of congenital and acquired pediatric pitui...
Maria Francesca Birtolo,Simona Jaafar,Giacomo Cristofolini et al.
Maria Francesca Birtolo et al.
Skeletal fragility is a complication of acromegaly closely related to hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1. In this condition, altered-bone remodeling causes deterioration of bone microstructure and impairm...