Thyrotoxicosis [0.03%]
甲状腺毒症
Brannon L Inman,Brit Long
Brannon L Inman
Hyperthyroidism is a diagnosis existing along a spectrum of severity. Patients present with a variety of signs and symptoms: tachycardia, elevated heart rate, anxiety, changes in mental status, gastrointestinal disturbances, and hyperthermi...
Nicole Cimino-Fiallos,Brenten Hurt
Nicole Cimino-Fiallos
Thyroid hormone affects every human organ system and is a vital component of metabolism. Common and easily treatable, hypothyroidism does not usually require emergency management. However, myxedema coma is the decompensated form of hypothyr...
Molly Chang,George C Willis
Molly Chang
Hypoglycemia is commonly encountered in the emergency department. Patients can present with a myriad of symptoms and its presentation can mimic other more serious diagnoses. Despite the relative ease of its management, clinicians often miss...
Disorders of Potassium [0.03%]
钾紊乱病症
Andrew Piner,Ryan Spangler
Andrew Piner
Abnormalities in serum potassium are commonly encountered in patients presenting to the emergency department. A variety of acute and chronic causes can lead to life-threatening illness in both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Here we summarize...
Disorders of Sodium [0.03%]
钠紊乱
Aaron Alindogan,Ryan Joseph
Aaron Alindogan
Sodium imbalances are a common occurrence in the emergency department. Although recognition and diagnosis are relatively straightforward, discovering the cause and management should be approached systematically. The most important history i...
Alexander Arena,Emily Miller
Alexander Arena
Respiratory acid-base disorders are often not thought of as frequently as their metabolic cousins, which occur more frequently in the emergency department. Although most respiratory and acid-base disturbances are driven by lung pathology, c...
Skyler A Lentz,Daniel Ackil
Skyler A Lentz
Metabolic acid-base disturbances are frequently encountered in the emergency department, and many of these patients are critically ill. In the evaluation of patients with these maladies, it is important for the emergency clinician to determ...
Zachary Wynne,Cheyenne Falat
Zachary Wynne
This review will discuss the importance and homeostasis of calcium and magnesium in the human body, as well as the implications and treatment of disordered calcium and magnesium. With calcium and magnesium often considered to be the "forgot...
Neonatal Endocrine Diseases [0.03%]
新生儿内分泌疾病
Marissa Cantu,Prianka Kandhal
Marissa Cantu
Endocrine diseases are rare and can present very subtly in the neonatal period. Most are diagnosed using newborn screening in the United States; however, some infants may present with false negatives or more subtle findings. Endocrine etiol...
Lorelle Knight-Dunn,Julie Gorchynski
Lorelle Knight-Dunn
Patients with alcohol use disorders are commonly identified and managed in the emergency department. Although the alcohol-intoxicated patient has a high risk for significant injury and diseases, the majority will be allowed to sober in the ...