Kanthi Bangalore Krishna,Karen O Klein,Erica A Eugster
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna
The age of thelarche has declined in the past few decades but not the age of menarche. This is important when assessing girls who present with breast development between 6 and 8 years because not all of them will need treatment. The decisio...
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna,Lawrence A Silverman
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna
A thorough history and physical examination including Tanner staging and growth assessments can guide differential diagnosis and aid in the evaluation of precocious puberty. Basal luteinizing hormone levels measured using a highly sensitive...
Natalie G Allen,Paul B Kaplowitz
Natalie G Allen
Isolated vaginal bleeding before the onset of puberty is a rare presentation of isosexual precocity. In most cases, isolated vaginal bleeding without an abnormal genital examination is self-limited with resolution usually within 1 to 3 epis...
Paul B Kaplowitz
Paul B Kaplowitz
Premature pubarche (PP) is a common and usually benign variant of normal puberty most often seen in 5-year-old to 9-year-old children. Some providers routinely order laboratory testing and a bone age to try to rule out other diagnoses inclu...
Paul B Kaplowitz,Peter A Lee
Paul B Kaplowitz
Breast development in a girl 3 years of age or younger is a commonly encountered scenario. Nearly all of these cases will either regress or fail to progress during follow-up, confirming a diagnosis of premature thelarche (PT). Studies show ...
Normal Puberty [0.03%]
正常的青春期发育
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna,Selma F Witchel
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna
Puberty is characterized by gonadarche and adrenarche. Gonadarche represents the reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone se...
Osagie Ebekozien
Osagie Ebekozien
Type 1 Diabetes [0.03%]
1型糖尿病
Robert Rapaport
Robert Rapaport
Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones,India Cole,Kelsey J Hart et al.
Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones et al.
Type 1 diabetes management is intricately influenced by social determinants of health. Economic status impacts access to vital resources like insulin and diabetes technology. Racism, social injustice, and implicit biases affect equitable de...
Halis Kaan Akturk,Alexis M McKee
Halis Kaan Akturk
Recent years witnessed advancements in diabetes technologies and therapeutics. People with type 1 diabetes have more options to control their blood glucose, prevent hypoglycemia, and spend more time with their loved ones. Newer diabetes tec...