Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes [0.03%]
妊娠期高血糖的诊断和治疗：2型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病
Sneha Mohan,Aoife M Egan
Sneha Mohan
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy due to pre-existing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising globally with increasing rates of risk factors for metabolic disease. This review summarizes current evidence a...
Alon Y Mazori,Carol J Levy
Alon Y Mazori
The care of pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus has experienced significant advancements in recent years. Preconception counseling has re-emerged as a core dimension of management. Continuous glucose monitoring plays an incre...
Peter A Lee,John S Fuqua
Peter A Lee
Robert Rapaport
Robert Rapaport
Hormone Therapy During Infancy or Early Childhood for Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, Klinefelter or Turner Syndrome: Has the Time Come? [0.03%]
先天性下丘脑性性腺功能减退、克莱恩费尔特综合征或特纳综合征患儿的幼年激素治疗：时机已到吗？
Elodie Fiot,Juliane Léger,Laetitia Martinerie
Elodie Fiot
Managing patients unable to produce sex steroids using gonadotropins to mimic minipuberty in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or sex steroids in patients with Klinefelter or Turner syndrome, is promising. There is a need to pursue research in...
Svetlana A Yatsenko,Selma F Witchel,Catherine M Gordon
Svetlana A Yatsenko
This review focuses on primary amenorrhea and primary/premature ovarian insufficiency due to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Following a thoughtful, thorough evaluation, a diagnosis can usually be discerned. Pubertal induction and ongoing e...
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna,John S Fuqua,Selma F Witchel
Kanthi Bangalore Krishna
Delayed puberty is defined as absent testicular enlargement in boys or breast development in girls at an age that is 2 to 2.5 SDS later than the mean age at which these events occur in the population (traditionally, 14 years in boys and 13 ...
Delayed Puberty Including Constitutional Delay: Differential and Outcome [0.03%]
包括体质性延迟的青春期延迟：鉴别和结局
Jennifer Harrington
Jennifer Harrington
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most common cause of delayed puberty in both male and female individuals. This article reviews the causes of delayed puberty focusing on CDGP, including new advances in the understand...
John S Fuqua,Erica A Eugster
John S Fuqua
Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) refers to the early onset of sexual maturation that is independent of central nervous system control. The extensive differential diagnosis includes congenital and acquired causes. Presenting features depe...
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Males with Central Precocious Puberty [0.03%]
中枢性性早熟男童的诊断、治疗及结局研究
Renée Robilliard,Peter A Lee,Lisa Swartz Topor
Renée Robilliard
Central precocious puberty (CPP) among males is less frequent than among females but more likely to have an underlying pathologic cause. Diagnosis of CPP is often straightforward among males because increased testicular volume, the first si...