Bovine Respiratory Disease Vaccination Against Viral Pathogens: Modified-Live Versus Inactivated Antigen Vaccines, Intranasal Versus Parenteral, What Is the Evidence? [0.03%]
牛呼吸道病毒病疫苗接种：活毒与灭活、鼻内与注射，有何证据？
Manuel F Chamorro,Roberto A Palomares
Manuel F Chamorro
Vaccination of cattle against viral respiratory pathogens to minimize losses associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common practice among producers and veterinarians. Three different calf populations in which BRD is most prev...
Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis: What Progress Has Been Made in Infectious Diagnosis? [0.03%]
牛呼吸系统疾病的诊断：感染性疾病的诊断取得了哪些进展？
Bart Pardon,Sébastien Buczinski
Bart Pardon
When it is desired to identify infectious agents involved in an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease, a variety of possible sampling methods may be used. For field use, the deep nasopharyngeal swab, transtracheal wash, and nonendoscopic b...
Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis: What Progress Has Been Made in Clinical Diagnosis? [0.03%]
牛呼吸系统疾病的诊断：临床诊断方面取得了哪些进展？
Sébastien Buczinski,Bart Pardon
Sébastien Buczinski
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a worldwide health problem in cattle and is a major reason for antimicrobial use in young cattle. Several challenges may explain why it is difficult to make progress in the management of this dise...
How Does Housing Influence Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Veal Calves? [0.03%]
housing对家畜和小牛肉犊牛呼吸系统疾病的影响？
Theresa L Ollivett
Theresa L Ollivett
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young cattle. Housing factors that lead to poor ventilation and stagnant air are often considered the primary reasons for high levels of endemic disease. This...
How Does Housing Influence Bovine Respiratory Disease in Confinement Cow-Calf Operations? [0.03%]
圈养犊牛养殖业中住房如何影响牛呼吸道疾病？
Terry J Engelken
Terry J Engelken
Confined cow-calf operations are a relatively new production model in the United States. As with any new technology, there will be a learning curve for producers and veterinarians as we attempt to optimize animal health and profitability. I...
Bovine Respiratory Disease Influences on Nutrition and Nutrient Metabolism [0.03%]
牛呼吸系统疾病对营养及养分代谢的影响
Clinton R Krehbiel
Clinton R Krehbiel
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex remains one of the greatest challenges facing beef cattle producers, veterinarians, and feedlot managers. In receiving, stocker/backgrounding, and feedlot cattle, BRD has been associated with decreas...
Host Tolerance to Infection with the Bacteria that Cause Bovine Respiratory Disease [0.03%]
宿主对引起牛呼吸道疾病的细菌的感染耐受性
Laura L Bassel,Saeid Tabatabaei,Jeff L Caswell
Laura L Bassel
Calves vary considerably in their pathologic and clinical responses to infection of the lung with bacteria. The reasons may include resistance to infection because of pre-existing immunity, development of effective immune responses, or infe...
Viruses in Bovine Respiratory Disease in North America: Knowledge Advances Using Genomic Testing [0.03%]
北美牛呼吸道疾病病毒学的基因组检测进展及认识提升
Robert W Fulton
Robert W Fulton
Advances in viral detection in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) have resulted from advances in viral sequencing of respiratory tract samples. New viruses detected include influenza D virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine rhinitis A, bovine rhin...
Respiratory Bacterial Microbiota in Cattle: From Development to Modulation to Enhance Respiratory Health [0.03%]
奶牛呼吸道细菌微生物组：从发育到调控以增强呼吸健康
Edouard Timsit,Chris McMullen,Samat Amat et al.
Edouard Timsit et al.
The respiratory tract of cattle is colonized by complex bacterial ecosystems also known as bacterial microbiotas. These microbiotas evolve over time and are shaped by numerous factors, including maternal vaginal microbiota, environment, age...
Bovine Respiratory Disease: Looking Back and Looking Forward, What Do We See? [0.03%]
反刍动物呼吸系统疾病：回望与展望，我们看到了什么？
Robert A Smith,Douglas L Step,Amelia R Woolums
Robert A Smith
Changes in cattle feeding in the twentieth century led to the "Golden Age of Cattle Feeding" on the US High Plains; this was accompanied by recognition that bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of feedlot morbidity and mort...